Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not. ( 2 references)
1.Role Genetics Plays in Disease
Protein malabsorption or malnutrition refers to the impairment of nutrient absorption, specifically protein, in the gastrointestinal tract (Zuvarox & Belletieri, 2022). In some cases, this impairment can be caused by congenital defects in GI tract transport systems like pancreatic bicarbonate or proteus secretion, most common in diseases such as HIV or cystic fibrosis (Zuvarox & Belletieri, 2022).
Why Patient Is Presenting with Symptoms
According to authors McCance and Huether (2019), “With malnutrition, lowered levels of plasma proteins, particularly albumin, cause fluid to move in to the interstitium” (McCance and Huether, 2019, p.75). This fluid shift causes edema in extremities and abdominal organs, particularly the liver (McCance & Heuther, 2019).
Physiologic Response to Stimulus Presented
With protein malnutrition, there are several physiologic responses the body goes through to try and compensate for lack of protein and other nutrients. Malnutrition of protein can cause a reduction in mucosal mass of the GI tract, resulting in a decrease of absorptive functionality. Additionally, according to authors Benjamin and Lappin (2022), “antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases in response to hypovolemia, resulting in edema…plasma renin also responds aggressively causing sodium retention” (Benjamin & Lappin, 2022). In addition to hormonal responses, the abdominal swelling the patient is experiencing can also be attributed to the lack of hepatic proteins to synthesize and release lipoproteins from stored fat in the liver (McCance and Huether, 2019, p. 1383).
Cells Involved in Process
The cells of the GI tract, as well as their amino acid transport mechanisms, are damaged and are no longer functioning appropriately due to the lack of proper nutrition (McCance & Huether, 2019, p.75).
How Another Characteristic Would Change Response
There are other diseases that patients may present with that relate to the symptoms of this patient that may include chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and inflammatory bowel disease (McCance & Huether, 2019, p.1380; Benjamin & Lappin, 2022). While these symptoms are like one another, treatment options can vary significantly. References
Benjamin, O. & Lappin, S.L. (2022). Kwashiorkor. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved February 28, 2023 from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507876/
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier
(2). Protein Malnutrition: Protein malnutrition is when a person consumes less protein than the body requires for it to remain healthy and functional. Protein plays a vital role in all body tissues. It is the building block of the muscles, skin, enzymes and hormones. The lack of protein in our body can cause a variety of complications. The most prominent complication being generalized edema, wasting, and undergrowth. Lack of protein may result from low consumption as is the case with our elderly patient in the case study or may be related to malabsorption syndrome like celiac disease, where the body is unable to absorb nutrients in small intestine known as mal-absorption syndrome. The role genetics play in disease: Malabsorption syndrome may result from a combination of various diseases affecting the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Patients with celiac disease for instance are not able to absorb protein due to gluten intolerance. Gluten is a type of protein found in certain foods like wheat, barley and rye. If you have celiac disease, and you eat gluten, it will trigger the immune response in your small intestine. Celiac disease is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease that causes your immune system to mistake a normal part of your body for an invader. The white blood cells will attack the lining of your small intestine causing diarrhea, and dehydration.The physiological response to the stimulus: The physiological response (edema to extremities and abdomen) occurred due to hypoalbuminemia- low albumin protein. Albumin protein is responsible for keeping water into the blood cells. Without enough albumin in the blood cells, the water from the blood cells will move out of your body to the periphery causing edema especially to the lower extremity.What cells are involved in the process: The epithelial cells are involved in the process because they are responsible for transporting nutrients in and out of the body by either absorption or by diffusion.What other characteristics (e.g., Gender, genetics) would have changed my response: Geographical location may have influenced my response. Research has shown that people who live in poor countries like Africa and Asia consume less nutritious meals, therefore suffer from protein malnutrition. This is very common especially in pregnant women. According to this study by Desyibelew & Dadi (2019), protein energy malnutrition, have continuously posed a tremendous challenge in low-income countries in the face of extensive advancement in global economic growth. Maternal malnutrition remains unacceptably high across regions in South-central and Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.According to the 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) African region data, between 2000 and 2015, nine countries in Africa had a prevalence rate above 15%. Maternal underweight exceeds 20% in Ethiopia, Madagascar and Senegal while the lowest rates of underweight among women are found in Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Lesotho, Rwanda, Swaziland, and Togo. This just goes to show that malnutrition continues to be a problem in poor countries.Gender: Gender may also contribute to protein malnutrition in adolescent females because of the demand for growth hormones. According to Hadush, & Wuneh (2021), adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development by which up to 45% of skeletal growth takes place, and 15 to 25% of adult height is achieved throughout this period, risk of nutrition inadequacies and other health issues are of great concern due to rapid growth in stature, muscle mass, and fat mass. As a result of these serious nutritional challenges, adolescents would be negatively affected by this rapid growth spurt as well as their health as adults.ReferencesDesyibelew, H. D., & Dadi, A. F. (2019). Burden and determinants of malnutrition among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 14(9), e0221712. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221712Links to an external site.