Human development is a branch of psychology with the goal of understanding people — how they develop, grow, and change throughout their lives. This discipline, which can help individuals better understand themselves and their relationships, is broad. As such, it can be used in various professional settings and career paths.
If human development is the study of how people change throughout their lives, how and when does this development happen? Many scientists and psychologists have studied various aspects of human development, including ego psychologist Erik Erikson. He examined the impact of social experiences throughout an individual’s life and theorized that psychosocial development happens in eight sequential parts. What are the eight stages of human development?
Using Eriksons 8 stages of Psychosocial Development
Please create a chart summary which includes the following:
1. Stage
2, Age range
3. Basic conflict (Psychological crisis)
4. Important events
5. Generalized summary
Please submit the exercise in a table format.
Please use at least 2 in text citations and references.
ANSWER
Stage Age Range Basic Conflict (Psychological Crisis) Important Events Generalized Summary
Trust vs. Mistrust 0-1 years Development of a sense of trust or mistrust based on interactions with caregivers Feeding, caregiving, and emotional support Infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust based on the care and responsiveness of their caregivers.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 1-3 years Development of a sense of autonomy or shame and doubt based on experiences of independence Toilet training, exploration, and self-feeding Toddlers learn to assert their independence, leading to feelings of autonomy or shame and doubt depending on their experiences.
Initiative vs. Guilt 3-6 years Development of a sense of initiative or guilt based on experiences of exploration and goal setting Planning activities, making choices, and interacting with others Preschoolers develop a sense of initiative by taking on new challenges and making decisions, but they may also experience guilt if they feel they are not meeting expectations.
Industry vs. Inferiority 6-11 years Development of a sense of industry or inferiority based on experiences of learning and accomplishment School, mastery of skills, and peer interactions School-aged children focus on learning and mastering skills, leading to feelings of industry or inferiority depending on their successes and failures.
Identity vs. Role Confusion 12-18 years Development of a sense of identity or role confusion based on exploration of self and social roles Experimentation with different roles, exploration of personal values, and peer relationships Adolescents face the challenge of developing a sense of identity, including their values, beliefs, and goals, while also navigating social pressures and expectations.
Intimacy vs. Isolation 19-40 years Development of a capacity for intimacy or isolation based on experiences of close relationships Romantic relationships, friendships, and family connections Young adults develop the capacity for intimacy, forming close relationships and establishing their place in society. However, they may also experience isolation if they struggle to connect with others.
Generativity vs. Stagnation 40-65 years Development of a sense of generativity or stagnation based on experiences of contributing to society Career, family, and community involvement Adults in midlife face the challenge of finding purpose and contributing to the next generation, leading to feelings of generativity or stagnation.
Integrity vs. Despair 65+ years Development of a sense of integrity or despair based on reflection on life experiences Retirement, contemplation of life’s meaning, and connection with loved ones Older adults reflect on their life experiences and develop a sense of integrity or despair depending on whether they feel they have lived a meaningful life.
References
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd ed.). New York: Norton.
Papalia, D., & Feldman, R. W. (2007). Human development (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
If human development is the study of how people change throughout their lives, how and when does this development happen?
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