Develop a proposed PSYCHOLOGY study that can make use of either the between-subjects (independent-sample) or within-subjects (paired sample) t-tests.

Develop a proposed PSYCHOLOGY study that can make use of either the between-subjects (independent-sample) or within-subjects (paired sample) t-tests. Identify the grouping variable (and level of measurement) and the dependent variable. Specify the relevant population (sample). Be sure to indicate which t-test you would be using. Write a null and alternative hypothesis.
Complete the following readings from your textbook, Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences:
Chapter 10: The t-test for two Independent Samples
Chapter 11: The t-test for two Related Samples

ANSWER
Study Title: The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress Levels among College Students

Research Question: Does mindfulness meditation reduce stress levels among college students?

Grouping Variable (Independent Variable):

Mindfulness meditation group (students who participate in a mindfulness meditation program)

Non-mindfulness meditation group (students who do not participate in a mindfulness meditation program)

Level of Measurement: Nominal

Dependent Variable:

Stress levels measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Population (Sample):

A sample of 100 undergraduate students from a large university
t-Test:

Between-subjects (independent-sample) t-test
Null Hypothesis (H₀):

There is no difference in stress levels between students who participate in a mindfulness meditation program and those who do not participate in a mindfulness meditation program.
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁):

There is a difference in stress levels between students who participate in a mindfulness meditation program and those who do not participate in a mindfulness meditation program.
Procedure:

Randomly assign 50 participants to the mindfulness meditation group and 50 participants to the non-mindfulness meditation group.

Provide the mindfulness meditation group with an 8-week mindfulness meditation program.

Provide the non-mindfulness meditation group with a relaxation and stress management program.

Measure stress levels in both groups using the PSS before and after the intervention.

Conduct a between-subjects (independent-sample) t-test to compare stress levels between the two groups after the intervention.

Expected Results:

Students who participate in a mindfulness meditation program will have lower stress levels after the intervention compared to students who do not participate in a mindfulness meditation program.
Implications:

Mindfulness meditation could be a valuable tool for reducing stress levels among college students.
Ethical Considerations:

Obtain informed consent from all participants.

Protect the confidentiality of participants.

Debrief participants after the study.