Choose one GI disorder that is common in adults. What are its usual presentation, cause, and course?

Choose one GI disorder that is common in adults. What are its usual presentation, cause, and course? How might an adult self-medicate and with what results

ANSWER

Sure, here is a brief overview of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common GI disorder in adults, including its usual presentation, cause, and course, as well as potential self-medication practices and their outcomes:

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea). It affects approximately 10-15% of adults worldwide, with women more commonly affected than men.

Usual Presentation

The symptoms of IBS can vary significantly from person to person and may fluctuate over time. Common symptoms include:

Abdominal pain or cramping, often relieved by defecation
Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea
Bloating, gas, and excessive flatulence
Urgent need to have a bowel movement
Cause

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it is thought to be a result of a combination of factors, including:

Abnormal gastrointestinal motility: Imbalances in the contractions and relaxations of the intestinal muscles can affect the movement of stool through the digestive tract.
Increased visceral sensitivity: People with IBS may have a heightened sensitivity to normal bowel movements, leading to pain and discomfort.
Brain-gut interaction: Disruptions in the communication between the brain and the gut may contribute to IBS symptoms.
Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can worsen IBS symptoms.
Course

IBS is a chronic condition that can be managed but not cured. The course of IBS is variable, with some people experiencing mild symptoms that come and go, while others have more severe and persistent symptoms.

Self-Medication Practices

Despite the availability of effective treatment options, many adults with IBS self-medicate to manage their symptoms. Common self-medication practices include:

Over-the-counter medications: Antacids, laxatives, and antidiarrheals are frequently used to relieve specific symptoms. However, long-term use of these medications can have adverse effects.
Dietary changes: Some people with IBS find that certain foods trigger their symptoms. Eliminating these foods from the diet can help manage symptoms.
Herbal supplements: Probiotics, peppermint oil, and ginger are commonly used herbal supplements for IBS. However, their effectiveness is not well-established and may vary from person to person.
Outcomes of Self-Medication

Self-medication can provide temporary relief of IBS symptoms, but it is important to consider potential risks and consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplements or over-the-counter medications. Self-medication may not address the underlying cause of IBS and could lead to masking of more serious conditions.

Reference

Pimentel, M., Park, S., & Mueller-Lissner, C. (2018). Irritable bowel syndrome. In M. Feldman, M. H. Brown, & C. J. Brandt (Eds.), Sleisenger and Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease (11th ed., pp. 1695-1724). Saunders Elsevier.