Please respond to each discussion to your classmate with 300 words and site 2 sc

Please respond to each discussion to your classmate with 300 words and site 2 scholarly references for EACH discussion. You must state if you agree or disagree and support your arguments with scholarly references.
1) PP T1DQ1
The DSM-V reminds us that” it is unclear whether individuals with family histories or personal prior histories with independent psychiatric syndromes are more likely to develop addiction”( “DSM-V, 2013, p. 489). Given this idea, how would you change the substance abuse disorder paradigm of the idea a cure (Gruber, 2016) is possible?
2) JH T1DQ1
Addiction focused on the problems and symptoms of the individual addict:
Addiction is a dependence on something despite the harmful consequences. This can include, “behaviors” such as gambling to the point of losing your job, your home, and taking out loans irresponsibly to cover the behaviors. Addiction to “things” such as inhalants can cause heart failure, fatal injuries, coma, and asphyxiation. When addiction is to certain “people” it can lead to obsession or stocking resulting in criminal charges by the other person or suicide by the addict unable to regulate their emotions. “Chemicals” are a familiar addiction society often recognizes. Chemicals may include illegal drugs, prescription drugs, or alcohol. Prescription drugs such as tranquilizers, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, steroids, and analgesics can be knowingly or unknowingly overprescribed or otherwise used improperly turning out to be a problem later (Drug addiction and drug abuse, 2018). Problems may include, threatening medical personal to obtain more prescription drugs, deliberate accidents to medically need that drug.
Addiction focused on problems experienced by the family system:
Addiction is the dysfunctional response to the addict’s perspective of their dysfunctional family system. The dysfunctional response may be drug use such as methamphetamines to numb any physical or emotional pain brought on by the family or origin. According to McNeece and DiNitto (2012) the family is viewed not merely as the context for an individual’s behavior but also as an entity unto itself. They go on to say that rather than expressing individual pathology, the presence of problematic behavior (such as alcoholism) in a family member is considered a symptom of underlying dysfunction in the system. Physical or emotional pain brought on by family may include, physical or sexual abuse, emotional abuse, divorce, death, consistent arguing or fighting among members, and a history of substance abuse. The effect on the family may include further generational substance abuse and further dysfunction including co-dependency. The response of the family may also result in emotional distress, loss of trust, fear of safety, loss of finances due to addicts behaviors (stealing) and possible legal troubles. Parents may become depressed questioning their ability to be good parents. They may fight amongst themselves. Siblings may become distressed with the health effects inflicted on the parents. Children and spouses of the addict may become depressed or experience mental illness and negative self-image.
Similarities include dysfunctional behavior regardless of consequences, economic hardships, legal problems, emotional distress, and; mental and physical health risks. Differences include the direct effects on the individual vs. the family. Addiction focused at the individual level, focus on the individuals needs and personal experiences. It focuses on physical and possibly co-occurring disorders and cause and effect at the individual level. Focusing on the family, identifies cause and effect at the family level. It takes into account all members of the family of origin of the addict and how they contribute to the addict’s addiction. It further focuses on the effects the addiction has on each member and the whole family as a unit. Finally, regardless of differences both identify destructive and risky consequences of any addiction to the point of no control even when hurting yourself and or others.
Drug addiction and drug abuse. (2018). In P. Lagasse, & Columbia University, The Columbia encyclopedia (8th ed.). Columbia University Press. Credo Reference: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/columency/drug_addiction_and_drug_abuse/0?institutionId=5865
McNeece, C., & DiNitto, D. (2012). Chemical dependency: A systems approach (4th ed.). Upper Saddle Creek, NJ: Pearson
3) CW T1DQ1
Hello Everyone,
I feel addiction can be characterized as an impairment to one’s behavior, control, cravings, and inabilities to consistently abstain from the addiction due to substances that alter one’s brain. Addiction can also be known and the cause of a person’s failing health due to hepatitis or liver and kidney damage, the disconnect of family trust, financial strains placed on the family, and abuse at the hands of the addict or even by the family members who feel like they have “to deal with” the addict. “Addiction is a learned response involving several key areas of the brain and changes to the neural circuitry connecting them”(Alavi, Ferdosi, Jannatifard, Eslami, Alaghemandan, & Setare, 2012).
Addiction corrupts the ability to make choices(Petry, Zajac, & Ginley, 2018). Because of this changes are brought about to a person’s behaviors and ultimately, there lifestyle and changes to it. That is how i believe my definitions are similar. Addiction brings about changes in the brain, but those changes do not reflect a pathological process(Petry, Zajac, & Ginley, 2018). The difference is that although the symptoms are brought on by the changes in the brain, the changes in the brain does not cause poverty, or financial crisis, or even issues with one’s health. It is ultimately the symptoms that cause the behaviors that ignite these changes in a person.
CW
References:
Alavi SS, Ferdosi M, Jannatifard F, Eslami M, Alaghemandan H, Setare M. Behavioral addiction versus substance addiction: Correspondence of psychiatric and psychological views. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3(4):290-294.
Petry NM, Zajac K, Ginley MK. Behavioral addictions as mental disorders: To be or not to be? Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2018;14:399–423. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045120
4) PPT1DQ2
A high level of expressed emotion in parents has been found to be a major factor in the potential for relapse in patients with drug dependence disorder (Watts, 2007 as cited in Doba, et al., 2014, p. 108). In thinking about this perspective, how would you incorporate this idea in a treatment plan?
5) MTT1DQ2
In today’s world, social media heavily influences everything that we do. Most teenagers and adults all have social media and follow what famous reality stars, musicians, influencers, and athletes do, good or bad. Social media paints a beautiful picture to glorify all things that are done on the internet. With this being said society can control everything around us by just us watching our phones. As humans, most tend to search for approval of social norms so we fit in with the trending day and age topics and activities, at any cost. (Elmore et al., 2016) As many of us see online there is nothing but people smoking, drinking, and having a good time. When we see things of this nature as humans it is natural that we want to engage in the same activities because it is observed to be fun. Continually following social trends can lead down a bad path. Influencers and celebrities only want us to see the good and the fun they are having but never focus on the real tough times that they go through as well. We are all human and have battles that we are dealing with. Without that being glorified people as well feel as if they are doing wrong and need more substance or acting out behavior to satisfy their need for validation or fill a void.
The trends of alcohol and tobacco have significant effects on the larger society such as health consequences, economic impact, social consequences, and environmental impact. People do not understand the consequences of these effects due to their glorification in all aspects around us. It is easy to be negatively influenced when you are pressured into doing what everyone else is doing and it looks fun. Once influenced people tend to grow habits with the substance and the feeling, building tolerance and the need to continue with the engagement. (Amialchuk et al., 2019) At the same time, they start to influence others causing the same cycle to continue over and over. Without proper education and understanding of the negative effects of the habits, humans will never stray away from the norm of the media. Causing more issues for everyone as time passes on.
Amialchuk, A., Ajilore, O., & Egan, K. (2019, April 24). The influence of misperceptions about social … – Wiley online library. The influence of misperceptions about social norms on substance use among school-aged adolescents. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hec.3878
Elmore, K. C., Scull, T. M., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (2016, November 11). Media as a “super peer”: How adolescents interpret media messages predicts their perception of alcohol and tobacco use norms – journal of youth and adolescence. SpringerLink. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10964-0…
6) SGT1DQ2
The way that society feels about cigarettes in general has changed. The media has portrayed smoking as a taboo with few to no advantages rather than glamorizing cigarettes. Cigarettes have become less popular as a result of modern performances using tobacco less frequently than they did in the 1980s and 1990s. Nonetheless, e-cigarette use has increased recently. It is troublesome that the flavorings’ marketing has become more kid-friendly. Young people frequently consume alcohol. There is some evidence that suggests adolescents who are unaware of the risks may be more likely to consume alcohol (Byrnes et al., 2017). The media’s changing perspective on young people’s alcohol usage simply serves to reinforce this. Programs like Euphoria and Skins normalize young alcohol consumption and rarely depict the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. Instead, they frequently concentrate their unfavorable viewpoints on substances or the interaction between substance use and alcohol use. Any amount of alcohol intake is excessive for young people, but research indicates that many of them binge drink (Espelin, 2018). Given that they may not experience the effects of their alcohol use right away, people who binge drink may find it more challenging to regulate their alcohol intake. Alcohol “vaping,” which can cause effects to manifest much more quickly than drinking, is another problem (Espelin, 2018). Serious effects can result from a laxer approach toward young individuals who consume alcohol. Identifying whether or when their drinking has become a problem can be challenging for young people. Also, when driving while intoxicated, they may not make the best decisions.
Byrnes, H. F., Miller, B. A., Morrison, C. N., Wiebe, D. J., Woychik, M., & Wiehe, S. E. (2017). Association of environmental indicators with teen alcohol use and problem behavior: Teens’ observations vs. objectively-measured indicators. Health and Place,43, 151-157. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.12.004
Espelin, J. (2018). Teen issues, part two: Trends in alcohol and substance use. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 16(6), 26-33. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1097/01.NME.0000546250.46289.48