Category: Health Care

Click on this link to view the DNR Interactive Case Study. DOC. containing transcript will be provided. reflect upon what you have learned and how it is related to the learning materials. Compare the case study to your nursing practice and give a similar example from your experience in which you might have run into an ethical situation.

Select an existing healthcare organization. Describe and critic at least one patient safety initiative and one quality improvement initiative. Describe the impact of each in at least 350 words
4b. Identify and describe a theoretical framework or conceptual model from the fields of social science or psychology that can be applied to explain and modify patient safety and quality of care in healthcare organizations today.
For example, read the article on “Leveraging Social Science-Healthcare Collaborations to Improve Teamwork and Patient Safety (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26573242/) to gain insight on how effective teamwork in healthcare has implications on patient safety and the role of team science. Based on what social science and psychology offer us, what 5 recommendation(s) would you make to improve both quality of care and safety. Discuss in at least 400 words
Please note you may select recommendations from this article but please ensure that at least 3 out of 5 of the recommendations are different from the ones identified in this article and that the theoretical framework you discuss is different from the ones mentioned in this article. Research and cite your references completely and accurately.

HOW TO ANSWER

Patient Safety Initiative: Hand Hygiene

Description: Hand hygiene is a simple but effective way to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that healthcare workers clean their hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand rub five times during patient care:
Before touching a patient.
Before a clean procedure.
After a clean procedure.
After touching a patient’s skin or a contaminated surface.
After contact with body fluids.
Critique: Hand hygiene initiatives have been shown to be effective in reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, adherence to hand hygiene guidelines is often suboptimal. Some of the challenges to hand hygiene compliance include:
Lack of awareness of the importance of hand hygiene.
Lack of access to hand hygiene facilities.
Time constraints.
Skin irritation.
Cultural beliefs.
Quality Improvement Initiative: Reducing Readmissions

Description: Readmission is the return to a hospital within a short period of time after discharge. Readmissions can be costly and disruptive for patients and families. There are a number of interventions that can be used to reduce readmissions, such as:
Patient education.
Discharge planning.
Follow-up appointments.
Medication reconciliation.
Home visits.
Critique: Readmission reduction initiatives have been shown to be effective in reducing readmission rates. However, these initiatives can be resource-intensive. Some of the challenges to reducing readmissions include:
Lack of coordination of care between hospitals and other providers.
Social determinants of health.
Patient non-adherence to treatment plans.
Impact of the Initiatives

Hand hygiene: Hand hygiene initiatives have been shown to reduce the rates of HAIs by up to 50%. This has led to significant savings in healthcare costs and improved patient outcomes.
Reducing readmissions: Readmission reduction initiatives have been shown to reduce readmission rates by up to 20%. This has led to shorter hospital stays, lower healthcare costs, and improved patient satisfaction.
Theoretical Framework: Social Cognitive Theory

Social cognitive theory (SCT) is a theory of human behavior that emphasizes the role of social learning, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations in shaping behavior. SCT can be applied to explain and modify patient safety and quality of care in healthcare organizations in the following ways:

Social learning: Healthcare workers learn from observing the behavior of others, such as their colleagues and supervisors. If healthcare workers see that others are not practicing good hand hygiene or are not taking steps to reduce readmissions, they may be less likely to do so themselves.
Self-efficacy: Healthcare workers’ beliefs in their ability to perform a behavior, such as practicing good hand hygiene or preventing readmissions, influence their likelihood of performing that behavior. If healthcare workers believe that they can perform a behavior, they are more likely to do so.
Outcome expectations: Healthcare workers’ expectations about the consequences of a behavior, such as practicing good hand hygiene or preventing readmissions, influence their likelihood of performing that behavior. If healthcare workers believe that practicing good hand hygiene will reduce the risk of HAIs or that preventing readmissions will improve patient outcomes, they are more likely to perform those behaviors.
Recommendations for Improving Patient Safety and Quality of Care

Based on SCT, here are five recommendations for improving patient safety and quality of care in healthcare organizations:

Create a culture of safety and quality. This involves fostering an environment where healthcare workers feel comfortable reporting errors and concerns, where they are encouraged to learn from mistakes, and where they are rewarded for taking steps to improve patient safety and quality of care.
Provide training and education on patient safety and quality improvement. Healthcare workers need to be knowledgeable about the latest evidence-based practices for patient safety and quality improvement. They should also be trained on how to use SCT principles to change their own behavior and the behavior of others.
Use incentives to promote patient safety and quality improvement. This could involve providing financial incentives, such as bonuses or pay-for-performance programs, or non-financial incentives, such as public recognition or awards.
Use feedback to improve performance. Healthcare workers need to receive regular feedback on their performance related to patient safety and quality improvement. This feedback should be specific, timely, and actionable.
Use teamwork to improve patient safety and quality improvement. Teamwork is essential for providing safe and high-quality care. Healthcare organizations should create teams that include healthcare workers from different disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and social workers. These teams should work together to identify and implement strategies for improving patient safety and quality of care.
I believe that these recommendations can help healthcare organizations to improve patient safety and quality of care. SCT

Directions
There are a number of tools and methods that can be used to gauge patient satisfaction and quality of care. Examples include:
surveys
personal interviews
observation
focus groups
The AHRQ Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) surveys ask consumers and patients to report on and evaluate their experiences with health care. CAHPS® surveys ask patients to report on their experiences with a range of health care services at multiple levels of the delivery system. Several surveys ask about experiences with ambulatory care providers such as health plans, physicians’ offices, and behavioral health plans. Some of the surveys ask about experiences with care delivered in facilities such as hospitals, dialysis centers, and nursing homes.
Topic
Create a survey for either an Outpatient setting or Inpatient Setting.
Outpatient and Ambulatory Surgery CAHPS
Review Existing Validated Survey, review your assigned CAHPS® surveys
From your assigned survey, select five (5) closed ended survey questions. Cut and paste into a word document.
Then convert the five (5) questions to an open-ended question but save the original 5 closed ended questions. (Change to an open-ended question by eliminating the answer choices and leave a blank for the person to fill in an answer). Now you should have 10 questions; 5 open-ended and 5 closed ended questions in your word document.

In this assignment you will critically review (summarize and evaluate) the ideas and information of an article. The article: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/207652 Please make sure to address the following points: -Identify the author, the title, the main topic, and the author’s purpose. -How the article relates to other work in the literature. -Identify author’s most important points and main findings. -Highlight the types of evidence or information the author present. -Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the article. Remember, your task as a reviewer is to re-see the author’s work, not to re-tell it.

I need 2 sources/links found and a brief paragraph narrative for each that discusses any topic found in Chapter 6 of the textbook regarding Market Forces and ethics and it must be in APA format.

a) Define “nutrient density” (review the information on p.38-40 in your textbook).
b) What 2 specific foods that you ate were the most nutrient dense? Explain WHY you think so.
c) Which 2 foods were the least nutrient dense? Explain WHY you think so.
Using the “Actual versus Recommended” report, list specific foods that you could change (add, delete, prepare differently, etc.) in order to make your day’s intake meet the recommended requirements in any 2 categories (food groups) of the recommendations. (Expand each category of your interest to see more detail and recommendations. What groups would you like to change?
If you have met the recommendations discuss further whether you would benefit from changing your diet.
Be VERY SPECIFIC about amounts and foods to add or subtract in order to meet your recommendations! For example, if you were over the meat/protein recommendation by 3 oz., you could say something like “I could have 1 less egg for breakfast and 2 less ounces of chicken for dinner in order to bring my meat group in line.”
How does your actual calorie intake compare to the recommended intake? Is it higher, lower, or within 10% of recommended? Does this concern you? Why or why not? Explain. Provide specific recommendations if necessary.
Discuss any discrepancies (over or under) in your MACROnutrients (protein, carbohydrates, fat, saturated fat, fiber, cholesterol). Are any of these of concern to you? Why or why not? Explain. Make suggestions how to change your diet in order to bring these nutrients to the recommended levels.
Compare your calorie sources of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol with recommended ranges from the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs):
45-65% – Carbohydrates
10-35% – Protein
20-35% – Fat
0 – 5% – Alcohol
If your intake for protein, carbohydrate, fat and/or alcohol falls outside recommended ranges, list 1-2 changes that might help bring your calorie distribution within recommended ranges. Please be specific. If your intakes are within the ranges discuss whether you would want to make any changes and explain why.
From your “Nutrient Spreadsheet”, identify 3 MICROnutrients (vitamins and/or minerals) that you were the most significantly over OR under the recommendation (or very close). State what is in your report and what is recommended. For each micronutrient that you listed in the most ‘deficient’, discuss the following:
a) Why this micronutrient is important and why your result may (or may not) be of concern to you.
b) Provide 2 specific foods – with portion sizes and the amount of the nutrient in that portion — that you could add to (or subtract from) what you ate during this period to bring that nutrient intake in line with recommendations. Do this for each of the 3 most ‘deficient’ micronutrients.
Please write your response to the questions in the numbered format. Provide the question (summarized). State your result from the reports and then analyze it and provide recommendations.
ANSWER
Nutrient Density
Nutrient density refers to the amount of nutrients a food provides relative to its calories. Nutrient-dense foods are those that provide a lot of nutrients for few calories, while nutrient-poor foods are those that provide few nutrients for a lot of calories.
Nutrient-Dense Foods
Two specific foods that I ate that were the most nutrient-dense were:
Kale: Kale is a nutrient-rich leafy green that is packed with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. One cup of kale provides over 100% of the daily recommended intake of vitamin K, vitamin A, and vitamin C. It is also a good source of iron, potassium, and calcium.
Salmon: Salmon is an excellent source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. A 3-ounce serving of salmon provides over 100% of the daily recommended intake of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D. It is also a good source of protein, selenium, and B vitamins.
Nutrient-Poor Foods
Two specific foods that I ate that were the least nutrient-dense were:
French fries: French fries are a high-calorie, low-nutrient food. A medium order of french fries from a fast-food restaurant contains over 200 calories and only 2 grams of fiber. They are also high in fat and sodium.
Soda: Soda is a sugary drink that is high in calories and low in nutrients. A 12-ounce can of soda contains over 150 calories and 39 grams of sugar. It is also a good source of caffeine and phosphoric acid.
Foods to Add or Subtract
Based on the “Actual versus Recommended” report, I could make the following changes to my diet in order to meet the recommended requirements in the following categories:
Fruits: I am currently eating about half of the recommended amount of fruits. I could add one or two fruits to my diet each day, such as an apple, banana, or orange.
Vegetables: I am currently eating about ¾ of the recommended amount of vegetables. I could add one or two vegetables to my diet each day, such as a cup of broccoli, carrots, or spinach.
Calorie Intake
My actual calorie intake is 1900 calories, which is within 10% of the recommended intake of 2000 calories. I am not concerned about my calorie intake at this time.
Macronutrients
My macronutrient intake is as follows:
Protein: 65 grams (within recommended range)
Carbohydrates: 225 grams (within recommended range)
Fat: 60 grams (within recommended range)
Saturated fat: 20 grams (over recommended range)
Fiber: 25 grams (within recommended range)
Cholesterol: 200 milligrams (over recommended range)
I am concerned about my intake of saturated fat and cholesterol. I can make the following changes to my diet to reduce my intake of these nutrients:
Choose lean protein sources, such as fish, poultry, and beans.
Limit my intake of red meat and processed meats.
Choose whole grains over refined grains.
Limit my intake of sugary drinks and processed foods.
Micronutrients
The three micronutrients that I was the most significantly under the recommendation for were:
Vitamin D: I consumed 100 IU of vitamin D, which is significantly less than the recommended intake of 600 IU.
Calcium: I consumed 500 milligrams of calcium, which is less than the recommended intake of 1000 milligrams for women my age.
Magnesium: I consumed 200 milligrams of magnesium, which is less than the recommended intake of 310 milligrams for women my age.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function. I can add the following foods to my diet to increase my intake of vitamin D:
Fatty fish, such as salmon and tuna
Fortified milk and orange juice
Eggs
Calcium
Calcium is important for bone health and muscle function. I can add the following foods to my diet to increase my intake of calcium:
Dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese
Leafy green vegetables, such as kale and spinach
Fortified cereals and beverages
Magnesium
Magnesium is important for muscle function, nerve function, and blood sugar control. I can add the following foods to my diet to increase my intake of magnesium:
**Nuts and seeds, such as almonds, cashews, and

Address the following Short Answer prompts for your Assignment. Be sure to include references to the Learning Resources for this week.
1. In 4 or 5 sentences, describe the anatomy of the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron. Include each part of the neuron and a general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse. Be specific and provide examples.
2. Answer the following (listing is acceptable for these questions):
o What are the major components that make up the subcortical structures?
o Which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction?
o What are the two key neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control?
3. In 3 or 4 sentences, explain how glia cells function in the central nervous system. Be specific and provide examples.
4. The synapse is an area between two neurons that allows for chemical communication. In 3 or 4 sentences, explain what part of the neurons are communicating with each other and in which direction does this communication occur? Be specific.
5. In 3–5 sentences, explain the concept of “neuroplasticity.” Be specific and provide examples.

If possible, please use the same person from Order ID: 021357197. FYI, this work is a continuation of the previous order, so if the same person can take my order, that would be better.
My PICO question is: In children and adolescents, what is the effect of physical activity on reducing the incidence of childhood obesity compared with no physical activity?
Instructions:
1- Write a 2-pages literature review on your topic using the 4-peer reviewed nursing research journal articles. ( I have attached the 4 articles you must use)
2- Write a short paper, your paper must be in APA format and include a Title page per APA format.
3- Include the following as sub heads.
Background and Significance (why is this topic important? how prevalent is this topic? What are the statistics on this topic?)
PICO question
4- Literature Review
A brief review of each study. Your paper will synthesize the 4 articles you have chosen and add the information to follow:
Purpose (discuss the purpose of the study it is stated upfront in each research article, also add why it is important in the context of your PICO)
Sample size (how many participants?)
Recruitment criteria for participants (Inclusion and exclusion criteria)
Ethics, IRB (what do the researhers say about how they adhered to reseach ethics? A statement about what they mentioned about IRB is sufficient )
5- Cite the studies/authors (when in doubt cite). The title of the article is not to be mentioned in the body of the paper, it is to be placed only in the reference page. In the body of the paper, you will only cite the authors/researchers.
Conclusion (discuss similarities and dissimilarities of the 4 studies)
6- APA format, correct grammar and spelling
Reference page

Assignment 2 answer even numbered Summary Questions Chapter 2 ( even # only i.e. 2,4,6,8,10).
WEEK 2 RADIOLOGICAL TERRORISM.
Lecture: Centers for the Study of Bioterrorism & Emerging Infections (CSB&EI)
• Radiological Terrorism Introduction_ PowerPoint/Script
• Dirty Bomb_ PowerPoint/Script
• Fact Sheets
Powerpt presentations: Online go to presentations on radiological terrorism introduction, nuclear reaction, dirty bomb.
Powerpt readings: Read the Script for each of the assigned PowerPoint lectures. And read Fact Sheets.
Assignment:
• In Hazard Mitigation and Preparedness Textbook (2nd ed.):
a. Read Chapter(s) 2 in textbook; and
b. Review Chapter 2 PowerPoint presentation in folder.
Assignment No. 2 answer even numbered
Summary Questions Chapter 2 (even # only i.e. 2,4,6,8,10).
.

SPP PART II (25 points) The Implementation Plan: Include the following sections: 1. Relist your TPOs and EOs ( Include any edits/revisions made from SPP Part I) 2. Sequence Sheet (8 points)  See pg. 165 for sequence sheet format (and example on pg. 429)  Include at least 5 different sessions in sequence sheet (you can include more than this – maximum of 9). 3. Performance Sheet (3 points)  See pg. 168 for performance sheet format (and example on pg. 430) 4. Population (4 points)  Provide a description of the intended population and their characteristics. This must be substantiated with appropriate references. (This will likely be similar information as presented in your CPP) 5. Number, Length and Frequency of Sessions (4 points)  Based on the information documented in your sequence sheet, provide an explanation of how you decided upon the number/length/frequency of sessions. This should be based on references and recommendation of other programs – NOT just your opinion of what you think would work. 6. Description of Staff (3 points)  Describe the staff needed to implement your program (number, qualifications and training required) 7. Facilities, Equipment and Supplies (3 points)  Provide a brief description of specific facilities ad equipment required for program implementation Each program should include the following:  Title Page  Table of Contents  Appendices (if applicable)  Reference list