Category: Nursing homework help

My task is only to give a positive opinion of these 2 discussions. In total, I need 2 replies. The 2 discussions are these:
Discussion # 1 :

The Theory of Self-Efficacy Critique
If one has a high level of self-efficacy, they tend to feel they will succeed in their endeavors. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to plan and carry out the actions required to manage potential occurrences (Bahari et al., 2019). These concepts have an impact on how people feel, act, and think. Self-efficacy affects the goals we set, how we accomplish them and assess our achievement. Our self-belief in our ability to succeed affects how we perceive, behave, and react to our place in society.
Self-efficacy may be developed and affected by experiences and responses, although it is still widely thought to be intrinsic. For instance, mastering experiences can promote a high sense of effectiveness because when we perform a task well, we feel more self-sufficient. However, self-efficacy can be hindered and diminished if a task or challenge is not handled properly. Social influence may also be used to enhance self-efficiency. For instance, witnessing what people who are similar to themselves can do via effort “raises viewers’ notions that they too possess the skills to master parallel activities to succeed,” according to Bandura (Bahari et al., 2019). Social influence has the power to persuade individuals that they have the skills and information needed to succeed. People are able to overcome self-doubt and focus on providing the task at hand with their best effort when they hear verbal praise from others. Moreover, since psychological responses dictate how we react to situations and how we feel emotionally, they substantially impact self-efficacy as well. For instance, how someone perceives their abilities in a certain situation might be influenced by their degree of stress, physical reactions, cognitive factors, and attitudes.
The theory of Self-Efficacy states that people have a self-efficacy belief in a given ability. In this regard, I contend that there is a lack of predictive power in the hypothesis. Besides, it has been discovered that task approaches, learning, and motivation have little to do with self-efficacy. Moreover, I think there is a lack of logical development and coherence in the self-efficacy thesis. For example, how self-efficacy beliefs are formed, or how they affect action needs to be better explained by the theory clearly and consistently. The theory also does not always make sense in relation to other ideas or reality. Self-efficacy theory has been subject to external criticism centered on complexity and real convergence (Toledano et al., 2019). The complexity of the self-efficacy hypothesis has been criticized since the theory does not provide a concise and obvious explanation of the development of self-efficacy beliefs or how they affect behavior. The theory may not also be consistent with facts or with alternative theories.
References
Bahari, G., Scafide, K., Krall, J., Mallinson, R. K., & Weinstein, A. A. (2019). Mediating role of self‐efficacy in the relationship between family social support and hypertension self‐care behaviours: A cross‐sectional study of Saudi men with hypertension. International journal of nursing practice, 25(6), e12785.
Toledano-González, A., Labajos-Manzanares, T., & Romero-Ayuso, D. (2019). Well-being, self-efficacy and independence in older adults: a randomized trial of occupational therapy. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 83, 277-284.
Discussion # 2 :

Internal and External Criticism of Self-Efficacy Theory
Self-Efficacy theory explains an individual’s belief in their abilities to execute an activity successfully. The theory states that if a person has a strong belief in their ability to perform a task, then that person will be more likely to perform the task with success. Self-efficacy can also be thought of as having a “can do” attitude and having confidence in one’s abilities. During the development of this theory, Bandura wished to examine the factors that contribute to different individual abilities when conducting an activity or a decision (Klassen & Klassen, 2018). The theory of self-efficacy has been criticized for using both internal and external evaluation processes.
Based on internal criticism, self-efficacy theory has been shown to be very important in determining an individual’s abilities. For example, the theory can be used in nursing to understand a nurse’s strengths and determine the areas they need to improve. In addition, the theory has been clearly defined due to its high levels of conceptual clarity. Research by Klassen and Klassen (2018) posited that the concept of self-efficacy theory is clearly defined, which offers limited time for a person to understand their goal. In addition, the theory is supported by adequate empirical support due to different studies and supplements on the same. Nonetheless, the theory has been criticized for its risk of confusion regarding confidence and self-esteem. Since the theory of efficacy is used in understanding an individual’s ability, it may hinder the understanding of a person’s self-esteem levels.
The external criticism of the theory focuses on the authenticity of the theory and how genuine the theory is. According to Schweder and Raufelder, D. (2022), the self-efficacy theory is generalized across different demographics. This indicates that many studies have found the theory applicable to different ethnicities and cultural contexts, enhancing its reliability. The theory has also been used in different research fields, such as education and nursing, explaining the different behaviors portrayed in such settings. Specifically, it is used in monitoring and explaining healthy behavior such as medication adherence, smoking cessation and active participation in physical activity. In addition, the theory has quality predictive validity, which makes it easier to establish an effective way of predicting human behavior based on different circumstances (Schweder & Raufelder, 2022). This increases the reliability of the information offered by this theory and helps make better and more reliable conclusions about human behavior. Nonetheless, the mechanism of the theory is weak as it barely explains the underlying process used in the making of the theory. Even the mechanism used barely explains all the concepts of the theory.
References
Klassen, R. M., & Klassen, J. R. (2018). Self-efficacy beliefs of medical students: a critical
review. Perspectives on medical education, 7, 76-82.
Schweder, S., & Raufelder, D. (2022). Students’ interest and self-efficacy and the impact of
changing learning environments. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 70, 102082.

A security policy is developed by senior management to assign certain responsibilities and mandate certain requirements, which are usually aligned with the agency’s mission.
A new policy was just created to prohibit peer-to-peer software downloads, as most are illegal and may bring malicious content to the workplace. You, the security officer, noticed that employees resisted the policy and chose to continue downloading peer-to-peer software. In an initial post, explain how you would handle this situation. What would you do to enforce the policy?

ANSWER
If I were the security officer and I noticed that employees were resisting the new policy prohibiting peer-to-peer software downloads, I would take the following steps to enforce the policy:

1. **Educate employees about the risks of peer-to-peer software downloads.** I would explain to employees that most peer-to-peer software downloads are illegal and that they may contain malicious content, such as viruses, malware, and spyware. I would also explain that downloading peer-to-peer software on the organization’s network could violate the organization’s Acceptable Use Policy and could result in disciplinary action.
2. **Implement technical controls to block peer-to-peer software downloads.** I would work with the IT department to implement technical controls, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems, to block peer-to-peer software downloads on the organization’s network.
3. **Monitor employee activity on the network.** I would use network monitoring tools to identify any employees who are downloading peer-to-peer software on the network.
4. **Confront employees who are violating the policy.** If I identify any employees who are violating the policy, I would confront them directly and explain the consequences of their actions.
5. **Take disciplinary action against employees who violate the policy.** If an employee refuses to stop downloading peer-to-peer software on the network, I would recommend that the employee be disciplined, up to and including termination of employment.

In addition to these steps, I would also work with senior management to develop a communication plan to explain the new policy to employees and to emphasize the importance of compliance. I would also work with the IT department to develop a training program on network security best practices, including how to avoid peer-to-peer software downloads.

By taking these steps, I would hope to be able to enforce the new policy and protect the organization’s network from the risks associated with peer-to-peer software downloads.

On what policy issues might nurses lobby US Congress? What strategies might nurse use to have their voices heard?
The discussion must address the topic.
400 words in your initial post
Minimum of two scholarly references within the last five years published
APA format

written in APA style format using at least 150-200 words per journal.
Passion and Professional Networks
Are there any professional networks, or nursing organizations that you are interested in joining? List at least two and explain what they are.
What support do you anticipate needing as a newly licensed nurse?

In 750 words explain how my capstone project(Title below) and relate its link to cultural care theory and translational science
It should include at least 3 academic sources.
The capstone project that I’m currently working on it’s titled “Oral Health Promotion to Improve the Quality of Life in Older Adults Living Independently”

PART ONE: Compare and contrast: migraine headaches, tension headaches, and meningitis.
-risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations
PART TWO: Present a hypothetical case about meningitis that includes the following:
1. Vital information about a person who might be predisposed to this condition (I.e., a person who
may have risk factors for this condition).
2. The pathophysiology of the disease, including clinical manifestations.
3. Which diagnostic tests you’d recommend and a rationale for the one(s) you choose.
4. How this condition compares to other differentials.
5. The evidence-based recommendations from the AHRQ Guidelines or guidelines recommended
from a professional organization. Based on these recommendations, discuss how to manage the
condition best.
6. A patient safety issue that could be associated with the condition presented in this case.
PART THREE: Answer these reflection questions:
What information would a master’s prepared nurse gather from a patient with this condition?
How could the master’s prepared nurse use this information to design a patient education session for someone with this condition?
Please note: 3-4 pages long, must use medical and masters level terminology. must be APA 7 format.
ANSWER
PART ONE: Comparison of Migraine Headaches, Tension Headaches, and Meningitis
**Migraine Headaches**
Risk Factors:
– Genetic predisposition
– Hormonal fluctuations (common in women)
– Triggers such as certain foods, stress, and environmental factors
Pathophysiology:
– Neurovascular disorder involving abnormal brain excitability and blood vessel constriction/dilation
Clinical Manifestations:
– Throbbing, severe headache usually on one side of the head
– Nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound
– Aura (visual disturbances) in some cases
**Tension Headaches**
Risk Factors:
– High stress levels
– Poor posture
– Anxiety and depression
Pathophysiology:
– Muscle tension and contraction in the head and neck
Clinical Manifestations:
– Steady, dull, aching pain usually on both sides of the head
– Tightness or pressure sensation
– Mild to moderate pain without aura
**Meningitis**
Risk Factors:
– Exposure to infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
– Weakened immune system
– Crowded living conditions (e.g., dormitories)
Pathophysiology:
– Inflammation of the meninges (protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord) due to infection
Clinical Manifestations:
– Severe headache
– Fever, chills, and body aches
– Neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity)
– Altered mental status, photophobia, and rash in some cases
PART TWO: Hypothetical Case on Meningitis
Patient Information:
A 25-year-old college student named Sarah, living in a crowded dormitory, is predisposed to meningitis due to her living conditions and potential exposure to infectious agents.
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations:
Meningitis is characterized by inflammation of the meninges due to infection. Clinical manifestations in Sarah may include severe headache, fever, chills, nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness), photophobia, altered mental status, and a petechial rash.
Diagnostic Tests:
1. Lumbar Puncture (LP): To analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for signs of infection (elevated white blood cells, protein, and decreased glucose levels).
2. Blood Cultures: To identify the causative organism.
3. Imaging (CT or MRI): To assess for signs of increased intracranial pressure or complications.
Differential Diagnosis:
Meningitis must be differentiated from other conditions causing similar symptoms, such as tension headache, sinusitis, or encephalitis. LP and blood cultures help distinguish meningitis from other causes.
Evidence-Based Recommendations:
– Administer empiric antibiotics promptly based on local guidelines until the specific pathogen is identified.
– Isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.
– Administer corticosteroids in certain cases (per guidelines).
– Vaccination against preventable forms of meningitis (e.g., Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) for high-risk individuals.
Patient Safety Issue:
One significant patient safety issue associated with meningitis is the risk of complications, including increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and neurological deficits. Close monitoring of vital signs and neurological status is crucial to detect and manage these issues promptly.
PART THREE: Reflection
– A master’s prepared nurse would gather comprehensive information from Sarah, including her medical history, recent illnesses, vaccination status, exposure to sick individuals, and a detailed description of her symptoms. Neurological assessment, including assessing for nuchal rigidity and changes in mental status, would be critical.
– The nurse could use this information to design a patient education session focusing on recognizing the signs and symptoms of meningitis and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention. Sarah should also be educated on preventive measures, such as vaccination and practicing good hygiene in crowded settings.
Overall, early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial in meningitis cases to prevent severe complications and improve patient outcomes.

Compare and contrast the growth and developmental patterns of two toddlers of different ages using Gordon’s functional health patterns. Describe and apply the components of Gordon’s functional health patterns as it applies to toddlers.
Word limit 500 words and 2 references (in APA, 7th ed. format) for your work.

Benchmark – Capstone Change Project Objectives
Please use the attached word document with the PICOT question to respond the questions below:
Assessment Description
Review your problem or issue and the cultural assessment. Consider how the findings connect to your topic and intervention for your capstone change project. Write a list of three to five objectives for your proposed intervention. Below each objective, provide a one or two sentence rationale.
After writing your objectives, provide a rationale for how your proposed project and objectives advocate for autonomy and social justice for individuals and diverse populations.
While APA style is required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines.

Provide a summary of your learning style according the VARK questionnaire.
Describe your preferred learning strategies. Compare your current preferred learning strategies to the identified strategies for your preferred learning style.
Describe how individual learning styles affect the degree to which a learner can understand or perform educational activities. Discuss the importance of an educator identifying individual learning styles and preferences when working with learners.
Discuss why understanding the learning styles of individuals participating in health promotion is important to achieving the desired outcome. How do learning styles ultimately affect the possibility for a behavioral change? How would different learning styles be accommodated in health promotion?

you will Interview a client whose culture is different from yours. The client can be a patient, neighbor, grandparent, in-law, or friend.