Category: Psychology homework help

Write a two full – pages on the implications of gender and sexual differences on addiction treatment for males and females.
Two references are required and a cover page.
Respond with:
Times New Romans or Arial font should be used.
There must be a cover page.
There must be a reference page with a minimum of 2-references.
As you are already aware, you must use in-text citations.
Your references cannot be a hyperlink.
You must use peer reviewed articles dated within the last five years.
For every in-text citation you must list the entire source on the reference page
Your paragraphs must consist of 5-7 sentences only (points will be deducted for longer paragraphs).
You must have an introduction and a conclusion.
Do not complete the assignment using a list of bullet points.
Read, cite, summarize, and discuss. Integrate your thoughts based on the articles you read to agree or disagree with the information.
ANSWER
The Implications of Gender and Sexual Differences on Addiction Treatment for Males and Females
Introduction
Addiction is a complex and often debilitating disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. While it is often viewed as a gender-neutral condition, there is growing evidence that gender and sexual differences play a significant role in the development, progression, and treatment of addiction. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective and tailored treatment approaches for both men and women.
Biological Differences
Biological differences between men and women can influence their susceptibility to addiction and the course of their addiction. For instance, women tend to develop addictions at a younger age and experience more severe withdrawal symptoms than men (Zweifel et al., 2020). Additionally, women are more likely to experience comorbid mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, which can complicate their addiction treatment (Brady et al., 2021).
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during menstruation and pregnancy, can also impact women’s addiction risk and treatment outcomes (Zweifel et al., 2020). For example, estrogen levels may influence the reward and reinforcement pathways in the brain, making women more susceptible to the addictive properties of substances.
Social and Psychological Factors
Social and psychological factors also play a significant role in addiction development and treatment for both men and women. Gender norms and expectations can influence individuals’ attitudes towards substance use and their willingness to seek treatment. For instance, men may be more likely to engage in risky behaviors associated with substance use, while women may be more likely to internalize their struggles and avoid seeking help (Eggert et al., 2019).
Trauma exposure is another critical factor that can contribute to addiction in both men and women. However, the types of trauma and their impact may vary by gender. For example, women are more likely to experience trauma related to sexual assault or domestic violence, while men are more likely to experience trauma related to physical abuse or exposure to violence (Eggert et al., 2019).
Treatment Considerations
Given the complex interplay of biological, social, and psychological factors, it is essential to consider gender and sexual differences when designing and implementing addiction treatment programs. Tailored treatment approaches that address the unique needs and challenges of both men and women are more likely to lead to successful outcomes.
For women, treatment programs should incorporate trauma-sensitive care and address the specific needs of women, such as childcare and transportation assistance. Additionally, treatment should focus on addressing comorbid mental health conditions and providing support for building healthy relationships and coping skills (Brady et al., 2021).
For men, treatment programs should address issues of masculinity and provide opportunities for men to express their emotions and seek support from other men. Additionally, treatment should focus on helping men develop healthy patterns of behavior and avoiding relapse triggers (Eggert et al., 2019).
Conclusion
Gender and sexual differences play a significant role in addiction treatment outcomes. By understanding these differences and developing tailored treatment approaches, we can improve the effectiveness of addiction treatment for both men and women, leading to better health and well-being for individuals and their families.
References
Brady, K. T., Gonsalves, G., & Brooks, A. J. (2021). Gender differences in addiction. In R. K. Brook, S. L. Ethridge, & B. C. Knight (Eds.), Handbook of Addiction and Public Health (pp. 423-433). Springer.
Eggert, L. L., Uebelacker, C. H., & Walsemann, K. M. (2019). Gender and addiction treatment. In Handbook of Addiction Assessment and Treatment (pp. 356-372). Springer.
Zweifel, L., Gilder, L., & Dore, M. C. (2020). Gender differences in addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(20), 1929-1936.

Statisticians and researchers are human, and therefore, make mistakes in the conduct of their research. Type I and Type II errors are important to consider as they have real-world implications. A Type I error refers to rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true, while a Type II error results from failing to reject a null hypothesis when it is false. The following hypothetical situation illustrates these errors and the null hypothesis:
A forensic psychologist must decide whether to allow John Hinckley, Jr. to go to his parents’ house on a weekend pass. Mr. Hinckley, as you recall, attempted to assassinate President Reagan at the Washington Hilton in 1981, just to impress actress Jody Foster with whom he was obsessed. Mr. Hinckley has been writing letters to Miss Foster as recently as last month. The letters were found under his mattress during a routine inspection of his room at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital. The hospital has convened a panel of seven mental health professionals, all of whom work at the hospital and with Mr. Hinckley. The votes are in: Three say let him go visit his parents and three vote to deny his weekend pass request. What should the forensic psychologist decide? The null hypothesis in this case would be that it is safe to send him home for the weekend. If he is denied the visit when in reality he would not have caused any problems, a Type I error (also called a false positive) would have been made. It was determined that he would be dangerous when he would not have been. A Type II error (or a false negative) would result if it was determined that he would not be violent and he was released, and he ended up assaulting someone on his weekend pass. In that case, it was believed that nothing would happen and it did.
Forensic psychology research also may exhibit Type I and Type II errors, as you discover in this Discussion.
Review Chapter 8 in your course text, Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. Pay particular attention to the difference between Type I and Type II errors.
Review the web article, “ Type I and Type II Errors—Making Mistakes in the Justice System.” Pay close attention to the descriptions and examples of Type I and Type II errors.
Using the Walden Library, select and review a research article that addresses a forensic psychology issue or takes place in a forensic setting, and that reports or discusses a Type I or Type II error.
Think about the possible consequences to the research study of making each type of error.
Consider whether the resulting consequences of making each type of error would be tolerable or not and why.
Post by Day 4 a brief summary of the study you selected. Then, explain how and why the study reports the possibility of either a Type I or Type II error. Finally, explain the potential consequence to the research study of making either a Type I or a Type II error and which is more “ tolerable” and why.
Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.
SAMPLE ANSWER
I selected a research study titled “The Accuracy of Risk Assessments for Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis” by Ackerman et al. (2011). This study is relevant to forensic psychology as it addresses the accuracy of risk assessments for intimate partner violence (IPV), a crucial issue in forensic settings.
The study reports the possibility of both Type I and Type II errors in the context of IPV risk assessments. In this study, a Type I error would occur if an individual who was assessed as high risk for committing IPV (i.e., classified as a potential perpetrator) was not actually likely to engage in such behavior. This would mean that the risk assessment falsely identified someone as a high-risk offender when they were not, potentially leading to unnecessary interventions, restrictions, or legal actions against the individual.
On the other hand, a Type II error would occur if an individual who was assessed as low risk for committing IPV (i.e., classified as not likely to perpetrate) was actually at risk of engaging in such behavior. In this case, the risk assessment failed to identify a potential perpetrator, potentially leading to the release or insufficient monitoring of someone who poses a risk to others.
The consequences of making either type of error in IPV risk assessments can be significant. A Type I error can result in the infringement of an individual’s rights and privacy, unnecessary legal actions, and potential harm to their reputation and well-being. A Type II error can lead to inadequate protection for victims of IPV, with potentially severe consequences for their safety and well-being.
In this context, which error is more “tolerable” depends on the specific goals and priorities of the forensic setting. Some may argue that a Type I error is less tolerable as it risks unjustly harming an individual, while others may argue that a Type II error is less tolerable as it puts potential victims at risk. Ultimately, it highlights the importance of continually improving the accuracy of risk assessments and considering the ethical implications of both types of errors in forensic psychology research and practice.

Question to the class: Can you think of an example from your own life of a time when acting a certain way changed your attitudes/thoughts? Explain why you think that happened based on what you learned this week.

What are the most used categories of cognitive distortions? Quote them. Where do you think they came from, paternal or maternal side (for me is my paternal side)? How can a distortion be replaced? Which on is manifested in your person (for me is magical thinking). How to reverse it

Use the Internet to research a health care organization in your community. Respond to the following:
What are some internal and external barriers to the health care organization’s mission, vision, and values?
Why is it important to understand and be able to articulate the characteristics of an organization you want to work for?
Assignment Instructions
Write a one-page paper (not to exceed 250 words). You will be graded on the following:
Quality of your response.
Coherence and organization.
Mechanics.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The library is your home for SWS assistance, including citations and formatting. Please refer to the Library site for all support. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
The specific course outcome associated with this assignment is:
Design a comprehensive strategic plan that accounts for the internal and external factors that impact an organization.
ANSWER
One of the health care organizations in my community is XYZ Hospital. It is essential to examine both internal and external barriers to understanding the alignment of their mission, vision, and values:
**Internal Barriers:**
1. **Staffing Challenges:** High turnover rates or staffing shortages can hinder the organization’s ability to provide consistent care in line with its mission and values.
2. **Communication Issues:** If there is a lack of effective communication among staff members or between different departments, it can affect the organization’s ability to collectively work towards its mission and vision.
3. **Resistance to Change:** If employees are resistant to adapting to new approaches or technologies, it can impede progress in aligning with the organization’s values.
**External Barriers:**
1. **Regulatory Changes:** Frequent changes in healthcare regulations and policies can make it challenging for the organization to adapt and align with its mission and vision.
2. **Economic Factors:** Economic fluctuations can impact the organization’s financial stability, affecting its ability to deliver on its mission and values.
3. **Competitive Landscape:** The presence of other healthcare providers in the area can create competition, making it harder for the organization to maintain its focus on its mission and values.
Understanding and articulating the characteristics of an organization you want to work for are crucial for several reasons:
1. **Alignment with Personal Values:** Knowing the organization’s mission and values allows you to assess if they align with your personal values and career aspirations. Working for an organization that shares your values can lead to greater job satisfaction.
2. **Efficient Goal Setting:** Understanding the organization’s mission and vision helps you set professional goals that are in line with the organization’s objectives. This alignment makes it more likely that you can contribute effectively to the organization’s success.
3. **Effective Interviews and Networking:** When you can articulate the characteristics of the organization, it demonstrates your genuine interest and commitment during job interviews and networking opportunities. It can set you apart from other candidates.
4. **Professional Growth:** Knowing the organization’s values can guide your professional development. You can focus on acquiring skills and experiences that are in demand within the organization, which can lead to career advancement.
In conclusion, internal and external barriers can impact a healthcare organization’s ability to fulfill its mission and values. Understanding and articulating the characteristics of an organization you want to work for is essential for personal and professional alignment and career success.

1. In addition to reflecting on what you have learned about aging throughout the course, take a moment to watch the following video and ponder the famous thought experiment: “The Ship of Theseus”:

Your assignment is to consider the following:
Just like the famous Athenian ship of old, we all continue to grow and change in a magnitude of ways over our lifespan – cells replicate and divide, immature thoughts are replaced with mature versions, and even your social skills have improved over time (for some, anyway!). Paradoxically, have you been changing while also remaining the same? Do any of the changes we experience in life result in a “new” us? Reflect on how this classic philosophical debate may be applied to Lifespan development.

Explore and demonstrate understanding of the experiences of service users and the impact of mental health, emotional and relational issues and the support available, on individuals, families in UK.
The student will create a case study of one individual who has had experience of mental health issues and/or has used a range of services (more than one). There will be a focus on the experience of those services and evaluation of the impact of the experience from the individual’s perspective (e.g. what helped improve their mental health issues, what did not?).Based on the discussions with the individual (Expert by Experience) the student will investigate and evaluate two or more services detailed by them, investigate and explore approaches and strategies by two or more professional groups used by the service user and explore the provision, role and use of independent advocacy services. The individual can be someone you have known, someone you have or are currently working with or someone who you have met and heard about through the module. If in any doubt please talk to the module tutor. Construct an individual study that is fluent and effective in communication. Utilise relevant terminology to coherently describe a mental health condition, experience or intervention and highlight key areas in relation to mental health services.
Make appropriate investigations and evaluations of decisions or strategies used by two or more professional groups in relation to your case study’s experience
Evaluate the role and use of independent advocacy services in mental health services (even if your case has no direct experience of such services).
Utilise existing data or sources of evidence to develop an appropriate assessment (e.g. what does research tell you about a condition or advocacy services) and use an appropriate referencing system, which is Harvard.
In doing the above, you should:
1. Examine and explain the interdisciplinary nature of mental health, emotional and relational issues and the importance of interdisciplinary inter agency working.
2. Explore and demonstrate understanding of the experiences of service users and the impact of mental health, emotional and relational issues and the support available for those issues, on individuals, families and communities.
3. Outline and detail the ambiguous and uncertain nature of working with individuals and families with emotional, relational and mental health issues and explore the roles of the accountable social worker, independent advocacy and other services in providing support in UK.
4. Examine and explain the interdisciplinary nature of mental health, emotional and relational issues and the importance of interdisciplinary inter agency working in UK
5. Outline and detail the ambiguous and uncertain nature of working with individuals and families with emotional, relational and mental health issues and explore the roles of advocacy skills and services in providing support
3,500 word limit
The assignment should be:
1. Clearly labelled
2. Typed or word processed
3. 1.5 or double spaced lines
4. 12pt font – preferably Times New Roman or Arial font
5. Line space between paragraphs
6. No bullet points
7. No numbering of paragraphs
8. Please number pages
9. Any appendices need to be a part of the word document.
10. All sources of material to be referenced using a Referencing System (Harvard)
11. Remain within the word limit – 3500

Cemeteries are full of history. Have you ever taken a stroll through a cemetery? If you have, you would see the headstones all tell a story. They may or may not offer us a name, a birthdate, a death date, an inscription, something indicating their career, and even relationships. For instance, during different time periods, you might see, Wife of Dr. Frank Smith, in place of a person’s name. You might notice patterns in the timing of deaths of children and parents at different time periods. Was there a flu epidemic? Did a mother die giving birth? Did a young man die in war? Why do some people have large monuments, while others may have crumbling gravestones? Are the monuments and crumbling gravestones located next to each other? If there are any dates on the headstones, you can look up the history of grave markers and the materials they were made from. “To conclude, a lot can be learned about our culture and customs from headstone history. If analyzed properly it will not be wrong to say that headstone history is all about attitudes, beliefs, and livelihoods of our ancestors.” (Retrieved 7/26/17 from http://www.wifialliance.org/OpenSection/fascinating-and-interesting-headstone-history.html)
Be able to integrate research and information from headstones in two different cemeteries by comparing and contrasting them in order to understand the cultural factors, sociological factors, and historical events represented in the cemeteries visited.

Compare and contrast bipolar II from cyclothymic disorder with particular emphasis on how comprehensive assessment could help us to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Use at least 2 references with 5 years.

M4Q1
Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain: Is consciousness real or illusory? What evidence supports your opinion?
(There are multiple senses of “real” one could consider when answering this question. Does it have real causal effects on behavior? Does it have real adaptive value? Does our subjective experience of it match what is really happening?)
There are multiple sources of evidence you could consider in answering this question, including split brain studies, cognitive neuroscience research on the correlates of consciousness, and behavioral research on the relationship between action and conscious experience.
M4Q2
To sleep, perchance to dream. How serious a problem is inadequate sleep? Are there some professions or situations where you think it is particularly problematic? What (if anything) do you think would be appropriate policies to address the problem?
M4Q3
Natural selection for supernaturalism. One altered state of consciousness that seems to exist universally across time and cultures is religious experience – experiences that are perceived to have a supernatural origin or explanation. It seems that we are hard-wired to be religious (or superstitious). From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, what adaptive function might it serve for us to have evolved this tendency?
Note that the truth or falsity of any particular religious beliefs are not at issue here (and are not relevant to the question). The question is, why, from an evolutionary perspective, did we evolve the tendency to believe in the supernatural? The fact that we evolved to believe it does not make it true (we also evolved to experience all sorts of perceptual illusions), nor does being able to explain in evolutionary terms why we believe it make the belief false. So please refrain from expressing any opinions about the truth or falsity of religious beliefs, and focus instead on how the tendency to have such beliefs might have increased our ancestors’ reproductive fitness – how it could have made them more likely to leave lots of descendants (who would also have that trait).
M4Q4
By this Monday (Module 4), post a link to an example of a purported report of psychological research in the news or on the web, or something that appears to use psychological research to support its claims. It can be a particularly good example of research, or a particularly bad example of (alleged) research – either would make for an interesting discussion. Try to find something related to one of the topics we have covered in the course so far.
Describe it briefly. Be sure to summarize and paraphrase in your own words. Identify the type of research that it is based on, and give enough information so that your reader can evaluate the strength of the evidence.
***Each question has to be 150-200 words long.***
LINK TO TEXTBOOK IOS HERE:
https://nobaproject.com/textbooks/new-textbook-aef7ef53-5b1d-487d-9ac0-7ecd3d2c0d9a
ANSWER
**Q1: Is consciousness real or illusory?**
Whether or not consciousness is real or illusory is a question that has been debated by philosophers and scientists for centuries. There is no easy answer, as there is no single agreed-upon definition of consciousness.
Some people believe that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain, meaning that it arises from the complex interactions of billions of neurons. Others believe that consciousness is something more than simply the physical activity of the brain, and that it may have a non-physical or spiritual component.
There is a growing body of scientific evidence that suggests that consciousness is real. For example, split-brain studies have shown that each hemisphere of the brain has its own conscious experience. Cognitive neuroscience research has also identified specific neural correlates of consciousness, such as the global workspace and the default mode network.
However, there is still much that we do not know about consciousness. For example, we do not know how the brain gives rise to conscious experience, or what the relationship is between consciousness and the physical world.
Ultimately, the question of whether or not consciousness is real is a matter of personal belief. There is no scientific evidence that can definitively prove or disprove the existence of consciousness.
**Q2: How serious a problem is inadequate sleep?**
Inadequate sleep is a serious problem that can have a significant impact on our physical and mental health. When we don’t get enough sleep, we are more likely to experience problems such as fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. We are also at increased risk for accidents, injuries, and chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and obesity.
Inadequate sleep is particularly problematic for certain professions and situations. For example, healthcare workers, pilots, and truck drivers often work long shifts and may not get enough sleep. This can put them and others at risk.
There are a number of things that we can do to address the problem of inadequate sleep. These include:
* Establishing a regular sleep schedule and sticking to it as much as possible, even on weekends.
* Creating a relaxing bedtime routine.
* Making sure that our bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool.
* Avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed.
* Getting regular exercise, but avoiding exercise too close to bedtime.
**Q3: Why might we have evolved the tendency to believe in the supernatural?**
From an evolutionary perspective, the tendency to believe in the supernatural may have served a number of adaptive functions. For example, it may have helped our ancestors to:
* Cope with uncertainty and fear.
* Develop a sense of community and belonging.
* Explain natural phenomena that they did not understand.
* Promote cooperation and altruism.
* Give their lives meaning and purpose.
It is important to note that the fact that we evolved to believe in the supernatural does not mean that our beliefs are true. We also evolved to experience all sorts of perceptual illusions, but that does not mean that these illusions are real.
**Q4: Example of a purported report of psychological research**
Here is an example of a purported report of psychological research in the news:
**Headline:** **New study finds that social media use is linked to depression and anxiety.**
**Summary:** A new study published in the journal *Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking* has found that social media use is linked to depression and anxiety. The study found that people who used social media more frequently were more likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety, even after controlling for other factors such as age, gender, and income.
**Type of research:** This is a correlational study, which means that it shows a relationship between two variables but cannot prove causation. In other words, the study cannot show that social media use causes depression and anxiety. It is possible that people who are already depressed or anxious are more likely to use social media.
**Evaluation of the strength of the evidence:** The study was well-designed and controlled for other factors that could potentially influence the results. However, it is important to note that the study was correlational, not experimental. This means that it cannot prove causation.
It is also important to note that the study did not measure social media use in a comprehensive way. For example, the study did not measure how much time people spent on social media, what types of social media they used, or how they used social media.
Overall, the study provides some evidence that social media use is linked to depression and anxiety. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the nature of the relationship between social media use and mental health.