Category: Psychology homework help

ATTRIBUTION ERRORS
Wherever you go, you will be observing human behavior, and it is difficult not to make a judgment about people after observing how they behave. You might consider three people on a crowded bus to be kind if you see them give up their seats so a mother can sit down with her two young children. You might consider a grocery store employee to be rude if you asked him where to find the milk and he rolled his eyes and sighed heavily before directing you to its location. These two judgments would be logical—kind in the first case and rude in the second—because that is the type of people they appeared to be.
However, social psychologists are more concerned with the external social conditions that influence behavior. Maybe only one of the people on the bus acted kindly and the other two gave up their seats because they did not want to be perceived as unkind by others on the bus. Perhaps the grocery store employee is usually kind, but he behaved rudely because he has been told to work an extra shift at the last minute and it means he will likely miss a friend’s birthday party. If you attribute someone’s behavior to her or his personality, your judgment may underestimate the social conditions that influenced the behavior. When explaining the causes of someone’s behavior, underestimating or discounting the social situation results in what social psychologists call an attribution error.
For your assignment this week, you will look at a scenario and consider how the cause of a person’s behavior may be explained better by situational influences than one’s personality or internal disposition.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Review the Learning Resources for this week and consider how the causes of a person’s behavior may be explained by situational factors.
Consider the following scenario for this Assignment: Imagine that you have been summoned for jury duty in the United States. If you are selected to be on the jury, you will be hearing a rape case where a 23-year-old female alleges sexual assault. In order to select the jury (a process known by the Latin term voir dire), both the prosecutor and defense attorney question the jury pool to identify and dismiss for cause people who have strong opinions about the subject matter, who already know about the case, or who may be biased for or against either party to the trial. Attorneys may also dismiss members of the jury pool who they think will not be favorable to their case. These types of dismissals are called peremptory challenges and the attorneys have a limited number of them. During the process of jury selection, you notice the prosecutors are using their limited peremptory challenges to dismiss most of the young women from the jury pool. You find this peculiar, given that young women would seem to be most favorable to the prosecution’s case.
ASSIGNMENT:
Submit 1–2 pages, not including title page and reference page:
Informed by social psychology theory, explain why the prosecutor was reluctant to seat young women on the jury. Please provide a detailed explanation for this seemingly odd behavior.
In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or Internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your Assignment. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources
REFERENCES /RESOURCES

Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Sommers, S. R. (Eds.). (2019). Social psychology (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Chapter 4, “Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People”
Note: Viewing media and interactives embedded in the electronic version of this course text is not required for this course.
Dexter, H. R., Penrod, S., Linz, D., & Saunders, D. (2006). Attributing responsibility to female victims after exposure to sexually violent films. Journal of Applied Social Psychology Download Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(24), 2149–2171.
Attributing responsibility to female victims after exposure to sexually violent films by Dexter, H. R., Penrod, S., Linz, D., & Saunders, D., in Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 27/Issue 24. Copyright 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Inc. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Sirin, C. V., & Villalobos, J. D. (2011). Where does the buck stop? Applying attribution theory to examine public appraisals of the president. Presidential Studies QuarterlyLinks to an external site., 41(2), 334–357.
Moskowitz, G. B., & Carter, D. (2018). Confirmation bias and the stereotype of the black athlete. Psychology of Sport & ExerciseLinks to an external site., 36, 139–146.doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.02.010
Tausch, N., & Hewstone, M. (2010). Social dominance orientation attenuates stereotype change in the face of disconfirming information. Social PsychologyLinks to an external site., 41(3), 169–176. doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000024

Find at least one news report from the last year that discussed the ethical and legal concerns about using and interpreting psychological test(s). Using the knowledge you have gained throughout the course about psychological assessment and testing, discuss the key concepts and issues that are related to the concerns pointed out by the news report you have identified about psychological testing. Please provide a weblink to the news article you had identified.

Choose a psychological disorder from the DSM-V.
Summarize the symptoms of the disorder.
What type of therapy do you believe would be the most successful in treating this type of disorder? Support your opinion with research evidence.
Locate a current events or recent journal article on the disorder and share the key points (findings) with your classmates.
Be sure to provide the URL link(s) and/or title(s) to any resource used as reference in your post.

Which approach would you recommend to Catarina during her pregnancy?
A. Catarina should maintain a healthy diet and appropriate exercise regimen, and she should avoid unnecessary exposure to environmental contaminants. She should also keep taking her current antidepressants.
Think about the factors that influenced your recommendation for Catarina. Why did you choose the option that you did? Include these issues in your response:
What are the critical periods in the development process of an embryo and fetus? When do they occur and how might they be disrupted?
Which aspects of diet and exercise do you think are most critical during pregnancy?
What are the effects of alcohol, cigarette smoke, or e-cigarette vapors on a developing fetus?
What are the risks and benefits of Catarina remaining on antidepressants during her pregnancy, both for Catarina and for her baby?

Overview
Your presentation is based on the research you have conducted over the past month. Before posting, review section 11.49Links to an external site. of your text, focusing on the content under the Discussion subheading.
Main Discussion Post – Due Wednesday by 11:59pm
First, create a PowerPoint presentation with a minimum of seven slides.
Introduction(1-2 slides)

Summarize the research – Include the research topic/question, purpose, and your hypothesis.

Methods (2 slides)

Briefly summarize the methods by describing the following:

Sample – how many, gender, age range, how you recruited them.
Survey – include an overview of what it asked participants to do, at least one sample item, and the type of scale used for the item (e.g., 5-point Likert scale (1 = highly unlikely, 5 = very unlikely).
Design & procedure

Results (2 slides)
What did you find?
Describe how your results support or contradict your hypothesis.

Note: for the results section, you do not need to include any statistical information. Using everyday language, explain what the main findings were.

Discussion – Strengths, Limitations, and Future Research (2 or more slides)

Pick two strengths and two weaknesses/limitations of your research. Explain what these are and why these are counted as strengths and weaknesses of your research. When discussing the limitations, be sure to review how they they may have influenced the results and provide potential solutions for future research for each limitation you mention.

To get you started, here are strengths and limitations you may have encountered in conducting your research: convenience sampling, sample size, control of or impact of extraneous/confounding variables, participant recruitment, biases, types of survey items used (think about the cognitive model for responding to surveys and BRUSO), mistakes/mishaps/confusion on researchers part or participants’ part.
Be mindful that your knowledge and understanding of research methods are being assessed – so make sure the strengths and limitations you identify are informed by what you’ve learned throughout the semester and use the appropriate terminology.

Design a 12-15-slide (not including title and reference slides) PowerPoint presentation that describes and compares somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders. Address the following:
Describe the key concepts and therapeutic process of somatic symptom disorders.
Describe the key concepts and therapeutic process of dissociative disorders.
Compare and contrast the rationale of the two therapeutic approaches for explaining psychological behavior.
Include speaker notes below each slide. Expand upon the information included in the slide. Please ensure the speaker notes for each content-related slide include a minimum of 50 words.

ANSWER

Slide 1: Title Slide

Somatic Symptom Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Slide 2: Overview

Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders are two distinct categories of mental health conditions. Somatic symptom disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that are not explained by a medical condition. Dissociative disorders are characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.

Slide 3: Somatic Symptom Disorders

Key Concepts

Physical symptoms that are not explained by a medical condition: Somatic symptom disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. These symptoms may be real and distressing, but they are not caused by a physical illness or injury.
Significant distress or impairment: Somatic symptom disorders can cause significant distress or impairment in a person’s life. They may have difficulty working, going to school, or maintaining relationships.
Therapeutic Process

Assessment: The first step in treating a somatic symptom disorder is to assess the person’s symptoms and medical history. This is done to rule out any underlying medical conditions.
Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is the main treatment for somatic symptom disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that is particularly effective. CBT helps people to identify and change the negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute to their symptoms.
Medication: Medication may be used in some cases to treat somatic symptom disorders. However, psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment.
Slide 4: Dissociative Disorders

Key Concepts

Disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception: Dissociative disorders are characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions can cause people to feel detached from themselves, their memories, or the world around them.
Types of dissociative disorders: There are several different types of dissociative disorders, including dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder (DID), and depersonalization/derealization disorder.
Therapeutic Process

Assessment: The first step in treating a dissociative disorder is to assess the person’s symptoms and history. This is done to rule out any other possible causes of the symptoms.
Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is the main treatment for dissociative disorders. Psychodynamic therapy and trauma-focused therapy are two types of psychotherapy that are particularly effective. Psychodynamic therapy helps people to understand and resolve the underlying conflicts that may be contributing to their symptoms. Trauma-focused therapy helps people to process and heal from traumatic experiences.
Medication: Medication may be used in some cases to treat dissociative disorders. However, psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment.
Slide 5: Comparison and Contrast of Therapeutic Approaches

Rationale for the Two Therapeutic Approaches

The rationale for the two therapeutic approaches is different. Somatic symptom disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Psychotherapy for somatic symptom disorders is designed to help people identify and change the negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute to their symptoms. Psychotherapy also helps people to cope with the distress and impairment caused by their symptoms.

Dissociative disorders are thought to be caused by trauma. Psychotherapy for dissociative disorders is designed to help people process and heal from traumatic experiences. Psychotherapy also helps people to develop coping skills and to integrate their dissociated selves.

Slide 6: Conclusion

Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders are two distinct categories of mental health conditions. Both types of disorders can cause significant distress and impairment in a person’s life. Psychotherapy is the main treatment for both types of disorders. However, the rationale for the therapeutic approaches is different.

Slide 7: Speaker Notes

Slide 3: Somatic symptom disorders can be a very challenging condition to live with. The physical symptoms can be very real and distressing, and they can make it difficult to work, go to school, or maintain relationships. If you think you may have a somatic symptom disorder, it is important to see a doctor or mental health professional to get a diagnosis and treatment plan.

Slide 4: Dissociative disorders are also very challenging to live with. The disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception can be very confusing and frightening. If you think you may have a dissociative disorder, it is important to see a doctor or mental health professional to get a diagnosis and treatment plan.

Slide 5: Psychotherapy is the main treatment for both somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders. Psychotherapy can help people to understand and manage their symptoms, to develop coping skills, and to improve their quality of life.

Slide 6: If you or someone you know is struggling with a somatic symptom disorder or dissociative disorder, please know that there is help available. Please reach out to a doctor or mental health professional for support

Post a description of the conflict that you selected. Explain whether facilitation or arbitration would be most appropriate to resolve the conflict and most effective in doing so. Then justify your choice, that is, explain why you think the approach that you selected is the most appropriate and most likely to be effective.

Examine two of three intrapsychic or personal factors that impact conflict and its resolution. The first is bias. Personal beliefs and cognitions may lead to misperceptions and misunderstandings that may, if undetected and unidentified, have detrimental effects on attempts at resolution. A second factor is emotion. Emotions can have positive and negative effects on conflict and its resolution and, conversely, conflict and its resolution impacts emotions. This interaction between conflict and emotions occurs at all levels of conflict, from the interpersonal to the international. Personality is a third factor that affects conflict and its resolution. However conceptualized, and whatever the theory that explains it, personality influences behavior during conflict and attempts to resolve it. Understanding the role of personality and personality differences can provide information valuable to the successful resolution of a conflict.
Contact me for the remaining assignment.

Coleman, P., Deutsch, M., & Marcus, E. (2014). The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass.
Chapter 11, “Judgmental Biases in Conflict Resolution and How to Overcome Them” (pp. 255-276)
Chapter 12, “Emotion and Conflict: Why It Is Important to Understand How Emotions Affect Conflict and How Conflict Affects Emotions” (pp. 283-306)
Chapter 15, “Personality and Conflict” (pp. 400-429)

What is sensory processing disorder? Describe and discuss the symptoms. How does this relate to autism?
There is a great deal of discussion about the cause of autism. post your insights and findings. Along with your textbook, use the following article and video

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-011-1413-8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIK2yXfrCfw

Assessment Description
Imagine that you work for a family health organization. You have been asked to create a newsletter to hand out to expecting parents. The newsletter should consist of 600-750 words that will inform parents of issues related to prenatal development and infancy. In the newsletter, include the following:
List critical periods of prenatal development.
List teratogens that could impact prenatal development.
List and describe ways to have a healthy pregnancy and to reduce prenatal risks.
Describe infant risks and how to minimize those risks (e.g., SIDS, injury).
Address attachment issues during infancy.
Provide tips for fostering healthy development in the three areas of infant development.
Use two to four scholarly resources to support your information.