Category: Psychology homework help

Post a brief summary of the results of your self-assessment and the implications of these results in terms of your cultural awareness and competence. Describe your reaction to these results and explain how you plan to use this information to further develop your cultural competence and accomplish your professional goals.
Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.

Handbook of Forensic Mental Health with Victims and Offenders: Assessment, Treatment, and Research

Chapter 16, “Overrepresentation of African Americans Incarcerated for Delinquency Offenses in Juvenile Institutions”

Gallardo, M. E., Johnson, J., Parham, T. A., & Carter, J. A. (2009). Ethics and multiculturalism: Advancing cultural and clinical responsivenessLinks to an external site.. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 425–435.
Kirmayer, L. J., Rousseau, C., & Lashley, M. (2007). The place of culture in forensic psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the LawLinks to an external site., 35(1), 98–102. Retrieved October 30, 2009, from
http://www.jaapl.org/content/35/1/98.full

To prepare for this assignment:
Review Chapter 16 in the course text Handbook of Forensic Mental Health with Victims and Offenders: Assessment, Treatment, and Research. Reflect on potential cultural considerations and challenges related to working with diverse forensic populations.
Review the APA Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse PopulationsLinks to an external site.. Consider the importance of applying these guidelines to the treatment of forensic populations. Focus on specific guidelines that relate to treating diverse forensic populations.
Review the article “The Place of Culture in Forensic Psychiatry” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on how culture may impact the treatment of forensic populations.
Review the article “Ethics and Multiculturalism: Advancing Cultural and Clinical Responsiveness” in this week’s Learning Resources. Think about the importance of diversity awareness as it relates to ethical standards in forensic treatment settings.
Identify a culturally diverse forensic population that is of particular interest to you.
Conduct an academic literature search in the Walden Library and select at least one scholarly article from a peer-reviewed journal that discusses the unique characteristics, considerations, and/or challenges related to working with this population in a forensic setting.
Consider the unique characteristics of your selected forensic population and reflect on what you should consider when treating members of this population.
Consider the challenges that you might encounter when working with a client from your selected population and how you would address these challenges.
The assignment (1–2 pages):
Cite the research article and state the specific diversity population that you researched.
Briefly summarize the research article and explain how the role of culture is addressed in the treatment of the specific forensic population in the study.
Analyze the role of culture in the treatment of forensic populations, in general. Use specifics from your selected research article to support your analysis.
Explain the challenges you might encounter when working with a client from this population and state how you would address these challenges.
(Note: Be sure to protect the identity of any persons you may refer to.)
Resources:
Handbook of Forensic Mental Health with Victims and Offenders: Assessment, Treatment, and Research
Chapter 16, “Overrepresentation of African Americans Incarcerated for Delinquency Offenses in Juvenile Institutions”
Gallardo, M. E., Johnson, J., Parham, T. A., & Carter, J. A. (2009). Ethics and multiculturalism: Advancing cultural and clinical responsivenessLinks to an external site.. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 425–435.
Kirmayer, L. J., Rousseau, C., & Lashley, M. (2007). The place of culture in forensic psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the LawLinks to an external site., 35(1), 98–102. Retrieved October 30, 2009, from
http://www.jaapl.org/content/35/1/98.full

Theorists believe that each stage must build on the previous stage, that they follow a stable order, and are believed to be universal across all cultures.
Reflecting on your own development and your observations of the development of others, do you agree with stage development theory? Why or why not?

The assignment 1–2 pages (250-500 words minimum)
Identify and briefly describe the two features common to female offenders that you selected for this Application Assignment.
Explain how and why each of these features is common among female offenders.
Explain the implications of each feature on treatment approaches and treatment outcomes for female offenders. Be specific and provide examples.

ATTITUDE CHANGE
Consider the following scenario of Julie:
As her New Year’s resolution, Julie decided it was finally time she got in shape. Years ago, she ran regularly, but more recently, work and family have dominated her time. Julie still thought running was her best option; she lived in Florida with its year-round good weather, and the only financial investment was a good pair of running shoes and the right clothes. Having finally made this decision, Julie was very excited. She bought new shoes, running shorts, and performance tops, making her commitment to running even stronger. She designed a realistic running regimen she was certain she could follow. Day 1 came and, dressed in her new gear, Julie started down her street; the plan was to run to the nearby park about one mile away. She did not want to push it on the first day; after all, it had been years since she had run. When she had run a little less than a block, she was gasping for air, forcing her to stop. Her lungs were on fire, she was dizzy and nauseous. What Julie failed to consider was her pack-a-day cigarette smoking habit that seemed to throw a wrench in her plan.
Conflicted, Julie knew something had to change. She fancied herself a runner who liked smoking cigarettes; unfortunately, running and smoking were incompatible. Would her desire for cigarettes convince her that getting in shape was not all that important? Or, would her desire to get in shape convince her that smoking was counterproductive to her goals?
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Think about how different theories of attitude change explain Julie’s dilemma.
Consider how different
Julie would be more likely to change her attitude or her behavior. Post a description of the theory of attitude change that best explains Julie’s dilemma. Per the theory, explain whether Julie would be more likely to change her attitude or her behavior. Please explain why.
RESOURCES/REFERENCES
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Sommers, S. R. (Eds.). (2019). Social psychology (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Chapter 7, “Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings”
Note: Viewing media and interactives embedded in the electronic version of this course text is not required for this course.
Staats, A. W., & Staats, C. K. (1958). Attitudes established by classical conditioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social PsychologyLinks to an external site., 57(1), 37–40.
Levy, N., Harmon-Jones, C., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2018). Dissonance and discomfort: Does a simple cognitive inconsistency evoke a negative affective state? Motivation ScienceLinks to an external site., 4(2), 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000079

Module 7 Discussion
Julia is a 9-year-old student at Blackmore Elementary. You have been asked by your professor to help her teacher reduce the frequency of Julia’s hand raising in class using a differential reinforcement strategy. The teacher has recorded Julia raising her hand an average of 57 times an hour. Discuss which differential reinforcement procedure you would use, why you would use it and how it would work.
Construct this discussion based on your readings and research in the area, not previously held opinions. Be sure to cite references in APA format and follow the Discussion Post Rubric.

ANSWER
## **Differential Reinforcement Procedure to Reduce Hand Raising in Class**

**Student:** Julia, a 9-year-old student at Blackmore Elementary

**Problem Behavior:** Hand raising an average of 57 times an hour

**Desired Behavior:** Raising her hand no more than 10 times an hour

**Differential Reinforcement Procedure:** Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)

**Rationale:** DRL is a type of differential reinforcement procedure that reinforces a behavior for occurring at a low rate. This can be effective for reducing behaviors that occur too frequently, such as Julia’s hand raising.

**Procedure:**

1. **Establish a baseline.** The teacher should record the number of times Julia raises her hand for a period of time without any intervention. This will provide a baseline to measure the effectiveness of the DRL procedure.
2. **Set a criterion.** The teacher should decide how many times Julia is allowed to raise her hand per hour in order to earn reinforcement. For example, the criterion could be set at 10 times per hour.
3. **Provide reinforcement.** When Julia raises her hand fewer than 10 times in an hour, the teacher should provide her with reinforcement. This could be in the form of praise, a small token, or a break from class.
4. **Gradually increase the criterion.** Once Julia is consistently meeting the criterion, the teacher can gradually increase the number of times she is allowed to raise her hand per hour. This will help to ensure that the behavior is maintained at a low rate.

**Example:**

* **Baseline:** Julia raises her hand an average of 57 times per hour.
* **Criterion:** Julia is allowed to raise her hand no more than 10 times per hour to earn reinforcement.
* **Reinforcement:** When Julia raises her hand fewer than 10 times in an hour, the teacher praises her and gives her a small token.
* **Gradually increasing the criterion:** After a few weeks, the teacher increases the criterion to 15 times per hour. Once Julia is consistently meeting this new criterion, the teacher can continue to increase the criterion gradually until Julia is raising her hand at a desired rate.

**References:**

* **Deitz, S. M. (1977). Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior: A review of its applications and limitations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 175-192.**
* **Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1982). Toward a functional analysis of self-injurious behavior. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 1-13.**

**Discussion Post Rubric:**

* **Content:** 4 points
* Demonstrates a clear understanding of the concept of differential reinforcement and its different procedures.
* Provides a specific example of how DRL could be used to reduce Julia’s hand raising in class.
* Explains the rationale for using DRL in this case and how it would work.
* **Organization:** 2 points
* The discussion is well-organized and easy to follow.
* The main points are clearly stated and supported by evidence.
* **Grammar and Mechanics:** 2 points
* The discussion is free of grammatical and mechanical errors.

**Overall Score:** 8/10

What challenges are you experiencing as you are conducting your literature search and critically analyzing the articles you are finding?
What strategies have you been using to address these challenges?

Help with assignment.
As a health care administrator, you will often do research on a topic to provide background information for decision making, committee work, or creating policies. It is often best practice to use a comparison table to lay out and visualize your research notations. For this week’s assignment you will complete a comparison table on hospital care across three time periods and analyze the similarities and differences of the different topics for each of the time periods in the table. You will summarize key findings for the topics and draw appropriate conclusions in a 2–3-page paper, with your comparative table in the appendix.
Scenario
Imagine you are a patient with a serious illness in a hospital in the 1800s, in the 1960s, and today. Think about the room configurations, the skills of the nurses and other staff, the level and type of care, and how you would pay for the care, both now and in the previous centuries.
Instructions
Using the Comparative Analysis Template [DOCX], write a 2–3 page paper about the similarities and differences in hospital care from the different time periods (1800s, 1960s, and today), as well as the conclusions you drew from your analysis. In addition, complete the Comparative Analysis Table: Hospital Care Evolution in the appendix of the assignment template.
Complete the following:
Use your textbook and at least two other resources included in What You Need to Know for this week or resources you find on your own to research how the hospital industry has evolved in terms of hospital environment, medical staff education, level of care in hospitals, and the payment systems. Use the History of Health Care Research tab in the Health Care Administration Undergraduate Library Research Guide to guide your research process.

You will need to reference a total of three scholarly sources in your paper.
Be sure to cite these references within the body of your paper correctly using APA style citations.

Complete the Comparative Analysis Table: Hospital Evolution, located in the appendix of the assignment template.

Provide two descriptive changes for each time period under each of the headings.
Add bullet points to each cell in the table to document the descriptive changes that you have found for each topic.
Document the source where you found the information for each cell in the table, using APA citation style.

Refer to the Comparative Analysis Assignment Exemplar [PDF] for an example of how to translate the information from the table into a written paper.

Note that the assignment exemplar is written about the evolution of physicians’ practices and not hospital care, which is the topic for this assignment.
Do not copy the exemplar text into your paper. You should submit original written work about the evolution of hospitals in your paper.

Write an introduction to the paper.

Include a brief explanation of the purpose of the paper and main ideas.
Reference significant trends that you noticed as appropriate.

Write the body of the paper.

Write the Hospital Care Evolution section in the assignment template, using the information from the Comparative Analysis Table you completed.

Describe your findings about each topic in the different time periods under each subtopic heading.
Explain the trends in hospital environment, medical staff education, level of care in hospitals, and the payment systems in a short paragraph (3–4 sentences) for each topic, using the subheadings provided in the assignment template.
Cite all references used within the body of your paper using APA style citations.

Write the Comparative Analysis section (1–2 paragraphs) in the assignment template.

Write a brief summary of your comparisons and analysis about the significance of the key changes from the different time periods.
Draw conclusions about how the hospital industry has evolved from the 1800s, to the 1960s, to today and about the significance of the key milestones from the different time periods.
Give specific examples of the impact on the quality of patient care during these time frames.

Write a conclusion paragraph where you summarize the main ideas included in the paper.

Explain why it is important to study the history of hospital care for your profession.

Additional Requirements
Your paper should be 2–3 pages, in addition to the title page, appendix, and reference page.
Double space your paper, and use Times New Roman, 12-point font, as indicated in the assignment template.
Use a minimum of three resources, including your textbook and other course resources.
Complete all parts of the assignment template, using the headings provided in the template.
Support all points with credible evidence, in the form of APA citations. Refer to Evidence and APA in the Capella Writing Center for help with using APA style.
Include a references page in APA format with appropriate citations.
Complete the Comparative Analysis Table: Hospital Evolution table in the appendix of the assignment template.

Discussion Apa format
Choose one of the following options to answer:
Option 1: Your friends invite you over for pizza and gaming night. Describe how the following parts of the brain are used that night: hippocampus, hypothalamus, occipital lobe, Broca’s area and _______ (you share one of the brain parts you’d use from our chapter). You will share 5 brain parts total, 4 were given to you. Please share one more from our textbook chapter this week and explain how you would use it.
Option 2: Many videos or pages on the internet talk about being “left-brained” or “right-brained.” Are these claims of lateralization supported by scientific evidence? Why or why not? Hint, check section 3.4.
In your responses to others (at least 2) you are to try to add something new to the discussion. (It is not enough to just agree or disagree.)

Compare and contrast the three main types of research methods used by cross-cultural psychologists: method validation, indigenous cultural studies, and cross-cultural comparisons. Share an example of how you would research a cultural issue using one of the three research methods listed above.