Category: Psychology

PREJUDICE
People often use jokes to test the boundaries of what is considered offensive. Under the guise of humor, the joke teller can attempt to minimize any offense taken by defending the humor as “just a joke.”
Clearly, an attempt to belittle or demean others as a form of humor is distasteful. And in every culture, one can encounter humor that, to be understood, relies on prejudice—whether that prejudice be about race, sexual orientation, gender, ethnicity, or nationality. What others might find funny, some find tasteless and indefensible. Simply because an offensive statement is clothed as a joke does not make the joke funny nor does it mean that the joke teller cannot be confronted by someone who finds the comment offensive or inappropriate. Even so, confronting someone about an inappropriate joke can present a social risk; the person being called out is likely to feel defensive and retaliate against whomever exposed them.
For this Discussion, you will draw on your own experience and social psychology theory to examine responses to prejudiced comments.
TO PREPARE
Review the Learning Resources for this week and think about how social psychology theory and research explains the responses that people have when they hear prejudiced comments.
Recall a time when you have been present when someone made a racist comment or “joke,” and no one confronted the joke teller.
BY DAY 4
Post a time when you have been present when someone made a prejudiced “joke” or comment, and no one confronted the joke teller. Were you offended by the joke? How can a decision to stay mute be explained by social psychology theory?
BY DAY 6
Respond to at least two colleagues’ posts and use social psychology theory to explain what would lead someone to confront the person who made the offensive comment or joke, when doing so may likely make them the target of the joke teller’s retaliation.
Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the social psychology theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or Internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your post and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources.
Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained as a result of your colleagues’ comments.
Page 1 you will complete initial post, page 2 you will complete 2 responses for colleagues (page 2 can be split evenly amongst word count to suit 2 responses to colleagues. FYI: I CANNOT SEE COLLEAGUE RESPONSE UNTIL INTIAL POST IS COMPLETE.

Discuss the effects of Prohibition on alcohol consumption, alchol-related problems, and crime. Would you call Prohibition a success? Why or why not? If Prohibition was a success, was it a bad idea to repeal the law? What do you think would happen if the U.S. repealed “prohibition” of many of the the currently illegal drugs?

Part 1: My Theory of Counseling
Part ll: My Journey to Self-Insight and Personal Growth
Part 1:
Choose the theory of counseling that you like best and feel that you would be most comfortable using with your clients.
Discuss how you could use this theory in your work and life.
Include a bit about the history of this theory including the major theorists.
Part Il:
Describe what events in your own life have brought you to your own self-insights and personal growth.
Explain how you intend to continue developing your own personal growth.

Please follow the format template I provided, and as for the photo in the document, please run an experiment by using three rats instead of two (rat A, B, C) through stimuli (low, medium, high intensity shocks) in the computer software Sniffy the virtual rat (pro ver 3.0). Please find the other 2 articles on the website Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

her TED talk, researcher and psychologist Elizabeth Loftus describes reliability issues with our memories and some of the potential ramifications these may have in the criminal justice system. Watch Loftus’s TED talk at: https://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_loftus_the_fic…. (If you have trouble opening the video please follow these instructions. First, you will highlight the link. Then you will right click on your mouse or touchpad. Lastly, you will select “open link”. This will take you directly to the video).
Summarize the points Loftus makes regarding false memories and their potential effects. What ethical questions does she raise in the video?
What is the difference between a recovered and a false memory? How can we know the difference between these two types of memories?
SAMPLE ANSWER
In her TED talk, Elizabeth Loftus highlights the unreliability of our memories and the potential consequences this can have in the criminal justice system. She discusses how memories can be distorted or manipulated, leading to the creation of false memories that can have a significant impact on a person’s life. Loftus raises important ethical questions about the use of eyewitness testimony and the potential for false memories to lead to wrongful convictions.
Loftus also distinguishes between recovered memories and false memories. Recovered memories are those that have been repressed or forgotten and later recalled with the help of therapy or other means. False memories, on the other hand, are memories that have been fabricated or distorted through suggestion, leading a person to believe something that did not actually happen.
It can be difficult to distinguish between recovered and false memories, as both can feel equally real to the person recalling them. However, there are some key differences, such as the level of detail and the level of confidence the person has in the memory. In cases where memories are being used as evidence in legal proceedings, it is important to carefully evaluate the reliability of the memories and consider the potential for false memories to have influenced the recollection of events.

Students will be asked to complete a theoretical orientation paper that should be between 5-8 pages in length. The paper is designed to build your personal counseling theory and personal counseling style. Students will not need an abstract for this assignment. The title and reference page do not count toward the final page count. Refer to the assignment description and rubric for more information.
Discuss counseling theory : existential therapy

PS380-2: Discuss the evolution of clinical psychology.
As you explored the history of the field of clinical psychology this week, you also learned more about the way individuals with psychological disorders were treated by society before formal treatment existed. Then you learned about how the field developed and some of the early aspects of diagnosis and treatment. You will discuss these beginnings of the field in this week’s assignment.
In a 2– 3 page descriiptive timeline, please discuss the evolution of clinical psychology from the time before the field formally began, to the shift toward more humane treatments, and up through the formal beginnings of the field. The information should be supported by scholarly sources and include examples.
Discuss the following aspects in your timeline:
Begin by outlining (with discussion) the time before the shift toward more humane treatment, then progress to the shift toward more humane treatment, and finally to the early formal beginnings of the field. Discuss the following for each of the three time periods:
Conflicts
Historical trends
Early attempts at classifying psychological disorders, through the publication of the first version of the DSM (initial attempts at classifying mental illness overall, early classification of individual psychological conditions, and events that led to the publication of the first DSM).
Early “treatment” (informal attempts at treatment including how society treated those with mental disorders) through the shift toward more humane treatment and treatment during the early days of the field.
The timeline should include support from the textbook and at least one additional scholarly source.

Assignment Instructions
Xavier is a three-year-old child who was just diagnosed with autism. He has never had functional language and exhibits frequent tantrums in the form of crying, hitting, and throwing items. Xavier recently began receiving ABA therapy and is your new client. Xavier’s grandmother is his guardian and wants his therapist to focus on teaching him the alphabet, shapes, colors, and numbers.
In this assignment, write a letter responding to Xavier’s grandmother and include the following:
An analysis of the importance of teaching manding skills to Xavier first.
The benefits of teaching mands.
An explanation of how teaching mands leads to developing skills in other areas of development.
An explanation of the relationship between manding and challenging behaviors.
Be sure to provide your responses in a way that is respectful and supportive of Xavier’s grandmother.
Assignment Requirements
Your assignment should meet the following requirements:
Written communication: Should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
APA formatting: References and citations are formatted according to current APA style guidelines. Review Evidence and APA for more information on how to cite your sources.
Resources: 2–3 scholarly or professional resources.
Length: 2–3 double-spaced pages of content, in addition to the title page and references page.
SafeAssign: You are required to use SafeAssign before submitting the completed assignment to your instructor. Submit your work to SafeAssign as a publish, review the results, and make any needed changes. When you are ready, submit your assignment to the assignment area for grading.
Refer to the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Research Guide for help finding resources.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assignment , you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
Competency 3: Analyze the basic verbal operants and associated principles outlined in Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior.
Analyze the importance of teaching manding skills first in a particular scenario.
Explain the relationship between manding and challenging behaviors.
Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly and consistent with expectations for professionals in the field of psychology.
Demonstrate an academic writing style through well-organized prose that follows assignment guidelines.
Demonstrate compliance with APA style, citation, and referencing guidelines.

I Am a Cultural Being Paper (living in evolving and dynamic historical, social, cultural, economic, and political contexts) (100 points).
You are a representative of your cultural background. Your identity and how you relate to otherscan either facilitate or inhibit your helpfulness as a counselor or professional. Intentional exploration of your cultural heritage fosters increased awareness and understanding of your multidimensional identity (i.e., culture, race, ethnicity, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, and level of ability) and how it shapes your experiences and interpersonal relationships. Tell story of how you see yourself in the world or how you see the world and yourself in it. Tell your truth. Write about your life using meaningful examples. Please describe in detail the places that you go, the people who are there, what is going on and your interaction with all of the above. Include a summary of what you learned about yourself and your social spaces from the experience. Purposeful and reflective writing promotes personal and professional development.
This narrative will not be shared with the class. If you have some discomfort answering any of the questions below, please talk with the instructor at least one week prior to the assignment due date. The purpose of this assignment is to provide you with an opportunity to engage in self-reflection and raise self-awareness so that you may become a more effective and responsive counselor. Your answers to some of the questions may be longer than others but be sure to answer each question. Retain the section headings that appear below and turn in the paper typed, double-spaced, with a title page and page numbers (i.e. This paper should be in APA style. It should also flow from section to section like a narrative or story.). Each section should have headings or levels in APA format (Headings: Background, Group Awareness, etc.). Be sure to use the terms as they have been used throughout the course. Although this paper has no page minimum, you should answer the questions thoroughly and concisely, being sure not to exceed 12 pages. I Am a Cultural Being
Your Background
Please describe the dimensions of your identity in detail (e.g. age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion/spiritual practice, class, ability/disability, etc.).
Please describe how your identities developed? What do they mean to you?
Which, if any, are most important to your integrated identity? Explain.
Your Group Awareness
Describe your earliest recollection of learning your gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability/disability religion and/or spiritual practice?
How did you learn to identify with these groups?
Were there any groups of people that were devalued by your family? Did you have similar feelings?
Did your family discuss culturally diverse groups of people?
What was your parents’ main advice to you about people from other cultural groups?
Your Social Awareness
Describe your earliest recollections of learning that people were “different.”
Describe you first experience learning about prejudice? How do you recall feeling at that time? When was the first time you remember learning about racism, sexism, heterosexism, ableism, and other forms of oppression?
How did you first come to understand oppression existed? What did you learn from this experience?
Please describe how you are privileged and/or marginalized and oppressed?
Describe a significant and meaningful experience when you recall witnessing someone act in a way you thought was prejudiced, racist, sexist, anti-LGBTQIA+, or discriminatory?
Describe a significant and meaningful experience when you witnessed someone actively working against systems of oppression (e.g., through personal interaction, activism, or intervention). Describe your feelings about those situations and experiences.
Your Encounter Experiences
Describe how you have changed, if applicable, as a result of your experiences and relationships with different institutions (e.g., school, church, community organizations).
How would all members of your family respond, or have responded, if you announced plans to marry a member of a different ethnic group or religion, a person of the same sex, or a person with a disability?
How do you think you would respond for your child?
Your Present Views
Describe significant relationships/meaningful interactions that you have with people from
different cultures (for example this can range from long term relationships to one-time encounters).
Upon reflection, in what ways (if any) were you impacted by these significant relationships/meaningful interactions?
Reflect on your overall journey as a cultural being, and describe some of the most important feelings that emerged.

Identify and learn about a neurological disease that has a notable effect on behavior.
Instructions
a) Search and choose a specific medical condition that affects the brain and the person’s behavior. It should be a disorder that can be misdiagnosed as a psychological disorder if physiological factors are not considered.
b) Briefly discuss the illness selected and how it changes a person’s behavior or personality. Please explain why you selected it. Also, include a paragraph describing how psychologists can differentiate these symptoms to conclude there may be a physiological component to consider when treating the patient.
Contribute a minimum of 150 words to the initial post. It should include at least two academic sources, formatted, and cited in APA.