Category: Psychology

Length: 2 double-spaced pages in 12-point Times New Roman font
This is a link to the article:
Yong, E. (2018, June 21). A landmark study on the origins of alcoholism. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/06/a-landmark-study-in-the-origins-of-alcoholism/563372/
Evaluation Criteria and Marking Rubric for Written Assignments
Required Format
Begin with a cover page that includes a descriptive title.
The main text should be no more than two pages (~500 words) of double-spaced text in 12-point, Times New Roman font, with one-inch (2.5 cm) margins. This excludes the cover page, visual enhancements such as figures, and the references list.
Since this is a summary of one article, you need not cite every reference that you make to the article on which you are writing. Generally, just cite the article once at the beginning of your assignment—for example, “(Jones & Smith, 2019)”—and then refer to it later as “the study” or “the article” or by using the authors’ last names only (for example, “Jones and Smith note that . . . ”). Include a page number if you quote the article directly, but don’t use quotations very often; try to explain things yourself. However, do carefully cite any other sources that you refer to using APA style , and add those sources to your references list at the end of your assignment.
Support all claims by referring to the article that you are writing on or by citing other sources. Clearly indicate any personal beliefs or suppositions as such.
Make sure that any visual enhancements that you include are clearly labelled and are relevant.
Writing Quality
Follow standard English grammar and punctuation rules.
Use correct diction (word use, vocabulary).
Use specific, concrete language.
Make sure that your sentences are no longer than necessary, and that longer sequences of ideas are broken into separate, but connected, sentences.
Make sure that your writing is cohesive. There should be a clear flow between sentences and paragraphs. Use transitions such as logical connectives (for example, “however,” “similarly,” “in contrast,” “for instance”) to show the relationships between sentences and between paragraphs.
Avoid the use of lay terms and colloquialisms. Those are usually only used for the rhetorical purpose of getting the reader’s attention.
Assignment Instruction:
Select an article from the list of articles below. For each article, the unit or units with which it is most closely associated is indicated—that is, a related topic or perspective.
Some of the following articles were written by researchers about their own studies, others are summaries of studies by done by other researchers, and others are by science journalists and writers with varying backgrounds. While these articles have been chosen for their appropriateness for the assignment, do not assume that all of the claims made in these articles are entirely valid and broadly accepted. Some of the research is new, and there may be reasons to question claims made by the researchers. Broadly speaking, the articles have been chosen because they present interesting ideas backed by research. In most cases, they raise any alternative interpretations, challenges, or competing perspectives. But read the articles critically and question any claims that the authors make. Include any comments or observations related to this in your response.
Course Text:
Weiten, W., & McCann, D. (2019). Psychology: Themes and variations (5th Canadian ed.)
Focus on chapter 3 for this research paper

Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling (60-hour)
Please describe in 200-250 words why you desire to become a counselor and indicate the type of counselor certification you plan to seek after graduation.
Describe in 200-250 words an occasion in which you have interacted with an individual or a group of individuals from another culture. Identify the cultural differences which were present and how you demonstrated respect for those differences.
Describe in 200-250 words how you form effective interpersonal relationships with others in individual and group settings.

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words each. They will be run thru a plagiarism checker. Thanks. Last week you discussed a lack of employee engagement as an impairment to performance in the workplace. Given what you learned from your peers and learning materials, what is the relationship between the concepts of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and the moods and emotions of employees?
Discuss this theme from the following perspectives: Individuals Teams Management Leadership Cite your resources in APA style.
****There is no additional info, thanks ? ****

We have learned that attachment occurs due to safety needs, but what if these needs were not met? In this discussion, you will consider attachment styles and potential outcomes when conditions are not ideal for attachment, as well as the interaction between attachment styles and temperament.
Please read the following case study:
Kandi is an 11-year-old girl who has lived in Centervale with a foster family, the Jacksons, for one month. She has been in foster care most of her life, having been removed from her biological parents’ care at the age of 10 months. Kandi’s parents were addicted to drugs and alcohol and Kandi spent most of her infancy in her crib or playpen, alone in her room. It is likely that Kandi was exposed to drugs and alcohol in utero. It is unknown whether, in addition to neglect, she was abused sexually or physically. These are possibilities given her parents’ addictions and presence of multiple adults in her house at any given time. Since Kandi’s arrival, her foster parents have noted several behaviors that seem odd. Despite her sweet personality, Kandi loses her temper easily. She hugs people indiscriminately while at the same time pushing others away. At times, Kandi avoids her foster mother or seems unconcerned with her not being in the room. At other times, she becomes very distraught and cries frantically when her foster mother goes to the laundry room. She has a difficult time interacting socially with the other children at Centervale Elementary and has only a few friends. At the same time, she clings to her teacher, constantly hugging her, and even trying to kiss her. Although she has been provided with toys, books, and games, Kandi collects odd things such as used staples or the rubber pieces left over from pencils.
Based on your analysis of the case study provided, respond to the following in your main post:
Describe how Kandi’s behavior could be reflective of disruptions in her progressing through the attachment phases proposed by Bowlby.
Classify Kandi’s attachment style, according to Ainsworth’s attachment theory. Explain why you chose this attachment style.
Given her early isolation and multiple caregivers, what are some important social development stages or aspects that Kandi may have missed? Discuss concepts such as imitation, social reciprocity, and exploration.
How might Kandi’s experience affect her development according to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Based on theory and research, you will make recommendations to new parents/caregivers to maximize social and emotional health.
****No Quoting Policy
Quoting is rarely used in scientific writing and is not appropriate for your coursework in Psychology. All answers to assignments, whether they are essays, discussion board posts, or exams, should be written in your own words. In other words, all information should be paraphrased. Paraphrasing is the only way an instructor can tell that a student understands the material. You may not quote whole sentences and add a citation as an alternative to paraphrasing. Copying and pasting whole sentences, whether or not quotes are used, may result in a failing grade. Points will be deducted for quoting on any and all assignments in this course.

Whether you work in ministry, become a therapist, or take on a role in which you are teaching others (either formally or informally), understanding how to communicate your message in a way that will be memorable for your listener will be key to your level of effectiveness.
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This week you are going to create an informational and instructive PowerPoint (PPT) presentation outlining the steps that a communicator should take when preparing their message. In doing this, you should pull from your readings and research the different types of memory that can be used, as well as the value in meaning making. As you create this presentation, you should work to present the information in a way that practices what you are communicating through your presentation. Additionally, you should use the speaker’s notes areas of the PPT to expand on your points beyond the information shared in the slides.
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This presentation should be seven slides. You should also include a cover slide and a reference slide in APA format.

Problem-Solving and Decision-Making
In Units 1 and 2 you learned about cognition and the cognitive processes of problem-solving and decision-making. In this assignment you will be required to create a PowerPoint presentation to demonstrate your understanding of these concepts. Using the information that you learned in the readings, you will describe the concepts of problem-solving and decision-making. You will write a short case study to illustrate each of these cognitive processes in a group or work setting. You will also apply your knowledge of problem-solving strategies and decision-making heuristics to your case studies.
Assignment Directions
For this assignment you will use the Unit 2 Assignment Template to create a PowerPoint presentation that explains and illustrates the cognitive processes of problem-solving and decision-making.
Please complete the following:
Slide 1: Title
Provide your name, presentation title, course, and date.
Slide 2: What is Problem-Solving?
Describe the cognitive process of problem-solving, identifying what problem-solving entails.
Slide 3: Example of Problem-Solving
Write a short case study illustrating a real-world situation that involves problem-solving in a group or work setting.
The case study should identify the person involved, the initial state, the goal state, the obstacles, as well as the best solution to the problem described.
Slide 4: Problem-Solving Strategies
Provide an explanation of how a problem-solving strategy discussed in the readings might be applied to your case study.
In particular, you should discuss one of the following problem-solving strategies: the analogy approach, the means-end heuristic, or the hill-climbing heuristic.
Slide 5: What is Decision-Making?
Describe the cognitive process of decision-making, identifying what decision-making entails.
Slide 6: Example of Decision-Making
Write a short case study illustrating a real-world situation that involves decision-making in a group or work setting.
The case study should identify the person making the decision, the situation that requires a decision, the choices that need to be evaluated, as well as the best decision for the situation described.
Slide 7: Decision-Making Heuristics
Provide an explanation of a decision-making heuristic discussed in the readings that might influence the decision in your case study.
In particular, you should discuss one of the following decision-making heuristics: the availability heuristic, the representative heuristic, or the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.
Slide 8: References
Provide an APA formatted list of references that you have cited within your presentation.
This presentation must contain at least one reference to the readings.

Describe the E-I-E-I-O framework and explain how it can be used to improve memory. Include two examples of a memory intervention or strategy that could be used for each of the four pairings in the model.

You need to use the terms covered in the material above when talking about stress in your discussion below.
Show me that you understand the stress chapter can apply the concepts when talking about your own experiences. This is part of the points for this discussion.
1. Identify the stress that you like in your life, and describe things that produce the greatest distress in your life.
2. Write a list of the things that produce chronic stress in your life or on those around you.
3. What do you do to reduce stress? What works best?
4. Should there be more policies put into place to reduce the stress experienced by students? Can you think of suggestions for college campuses?
5. Do people today experience more stress than 30 years ago, 100 years ago, or 10,000 years ago? How have stressors differed over the years?
Topic:
There may be no other topic more relevant to the connection between the mind and body than the issue of stress. The following questions help you identify the difference between tolerable or even good stress and the type of stress that causes harm. This identification process can be incredibly useful now that you are starting to learn about how chronic stress can be harmful to one’s health and mental well-being.
Share to the level of your comfort. Avoid reporting too many details of things that might be too personal such as abuse. For example, it is ok to say that you are having problems in your relationship, but you cannot mention abuse as instructors are mandated to report that. If you are going through abuse, you should contact a psychologist at the college for help. For purposes of this discussion, you might focus on stresses related to school, work, or family.
You can then think about practical and active ways to reduce the negative impacts of stress. Again, if you can identify your own experiences, you can think about ways of applying research on stress to future clients or interests in experimental psychology.
Here is a sample initial post:
1) Identify the stress that you like in your life, and describe things that produce the greatest distress in your life.
There are 2 stresses in my life that I like: rock climbing and dog rescue.
I am afraid of heights but go to the climbing gym anyway. This all started because I was working down in Orange County and wanted to avoid the traffic coming back from work. I decided to join a climbing gym by work so that I could work out after work. I don’t like traditional gyms because I find machines very boring. I still get scared when I climb in the gym and it has been 8 years since I started.
Dog rescue is stressful. I volunteer for this one dog rescue organization that is very busy. They pull a lot of dogs from the shelters. People get dogs because they were bored during covid, then they dump the dogs at the shelters like an old pair of shoes. Some dogs are sick and the owners don’t want to pay for it. It is extremely sad. The shelter starts putting dogs to sleep because there is no space. My rescue pulls medical dogs so they come out sick. They are dirty and sometimes throw up in the card when I give them their “freedom ride” out of the shelter to a private vet for the rescue. I spend a lot of time cleaning my car. I do this because I think it is important and I save dogs’ lives even though it is a lot of trouble. Always adopt animals from rescues or shelters instead of buying them online. There is a lot of dog suffering that you don’t see from abusive dog sellers online.
The greatest distress in my life are my neighbors right now. During covid, some relatives moved into her house next door and they all smoke. I can’t even spend any time in my yard because of secondhand smoke. This makes me angry.
2) Write a list of the things that produce chronic stress in your life or on those around you.
I don’t have too much chronic stress in my life because I designed it as such, but I know that money produces chronic stress for many around me. They are always worrying about having enough money for all the bills. They work long hours to make ends meet. For example, I know this one student that works for the Amazon warehouse. He is just on call all the time. His work schedule is all over the place and he has trouble making other plans in his life around it. I don’t think Amazon cares which makes them a bad company for their employees.
3) What do you do to reduce stress? What works best?
I walk my dogs every day. I take trips when there is no covid. I play strategy board games. They are fun things that help me enjoy my free time.
4) Should there be more policies put into place to reduce the stress experienced by students? Can you think of suggestions for college campuses?
Colleges can advise new students about how many units they should take. I know students that work full-time and take 12 or more units of classes. Many of them are not aware of the time commitment required to pass the courses so they fail them.
5) Do people today experience more stress than 30 years ago, 100 years ago, or 10,000 years ago? How have stressors differed over the years?
I am not sure if there is more stress now than before. I think stressors are just different. Social media can do good things now but can also bring a lot of stress. It is hard to shut out all the terrible news. 100 years ago, people were dying of infections before penicillin was invented. That is super stressful. You get an infection and your life could be over. I am not sure what people were going 10,000 years ago. I guess that is the time of cavepeople. That must have been stressful looking for food and avoiding death.

Students will read an abbreviated case study, will answer a question about the interaction of elements of an intake, and will develop five questions to assess the relationship between career, presenting concerns, and other elements of the intake process. The case study will be used as a starting point for understanding career and mental wellness. The paper should expand your thinking beyond the case study presented. The paper should be about 2 pages.

Reliability and Validity
Using what you learned in the Reliability and Validity Exercise, as well as in the Evaluating Assessments for Reliability and Validity media, discuss the significance of reliability and validity in test creation.
Required Readings
Use Principles and Applications of Assessment in Counseling text to read the following:
Chapter 3, “Reliability,” pages 37–55.
Chapter 4, “Validity and Item Analysis,” pages 56–77.