Category: Psychology

Week 8 Topic 1
COLLAPSE
Describe the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. Write about a time when you used descriptive statistic to make a decision in your life. remember to city and reference page 300 words work.

An analysis of how cognitive abilities develop and change throughout adulthood. Your analysis should include the following:
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1. Identify a specific area of cognitive development.
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2. Describe how this cognitive ability is typically measured in research and practice.
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3. Describe how this ability changes in each stage of adulthood (e.g., emerging, early, middle, and late), and during which stage the most change occurs.
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4. Provide an example of the professional experience of an individual that demonstrates a higher or lower than average capability of your chosen cognitive ability.
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5. How does this person’s ability support the idea that this area of cognitive ability changes throughout adult development?

1.
After reading chapter 2, what factors do you think have contributed most to who you are today? For example, are you more a product of early interpersonal bonds or losses (attachment theory) or learning or modeling (behavioral)? Or are you just a product of the billions of neurons in your body and how they function and interact with each other? Any other contributors to who you are?
As you have aged, how have your peers influenced your behavior? Was there ever a change in their degree of influence? Do you think there is a time when peers influence a child’s development more than other factors, like parents and siblings? Why or why not?
2.
You’ve viewed the lecture materials on 3 different types of study designs and you have completed one personal assignment to work through your understanding of the distinction among the three types. Now we will have a group discussion to finalize your understanding. Read the scenario below.
Mark wants to evaluate a new diabetes monitoring system that uses a phone app that automatically nudges the user to report glucose levels every morning and evening. He recruits participants and then draws a number from a hat to assign them to receive either the new app or the old self-reported paper diary system (to be completed every morning and evening). He compares the two groups on how frequently they record their glucose levels over 6 weeks.
Observation, Experiment, or Quasi-experiment?
In your response to this scenario, address the following issues (in a list format):
1. Is there any randomization indicated? If so, what text in the passage above indicates this?
2. Is there any manipulation of the situation indicated? If so, what text in the passage above indicates this?
3. Is there any control/comparison group or situation? If so, as indicated by what text?
4. Based on your answers to 1-3, what type of study design do you think it is? Observation, Experiment, or Quasi-experiment?
Special grading note: On this DQ only, your grade will be entirely based on your initial post. However, if you return to the board and respond meaningfully and helpfully to another student to help clarify their understanding of any concepts, you can earn up to 2 extra credit points. If your reply is vague and/or not helpful, it will not earn extra points.

Watch each of the three brief video clips below.
Using your text, knowledge of counseling skills, and the prompts below, respond to each clip.
1. – Good Will Hunting – The client is mandated to counseling to avoid incarceration following a history of childhood abuse; he is highly resistant historically.
a) What emotions did this evoke from you, and why?
b) If you were the client, how would you feel about this approach?
c) How did the counselor’s approach contribute to the client’s ability to finally become vulnerable?
d) Consider the ethical code: do no harm, do good, self-disclosure, physical touch, and so on. What are your reactions?
e) Comment on the skills used and/or effectiveness (or lack thereof) of the counselor’s approach.
2. – The Departed – An undercover police officer who has been unfairly and chronically mistrusted, attends a psychiatry appointment.
a) What did you notice about the counselor’s response to the client (body language, speech, tone, facial expression, and so on)?
b) What is your reaction to the client’s demeanor? Knowing the above information about his story, what do you make of his presentation, clinically?
c) How did you interpret the counselor’s suggestion of transferring the client, as well as her response to being asked for coffee?
d) Comment on the skills used and/or effectiveness (or lack thereof) of the counselor’s approach.
3. – Big Little Lies – A woman attends counseling to address her experience of physical and psychological abuse in her current marriage.
a) Notice the counselor’s use of questions and challenging: what are your thoughts about how she approached this client?
b) Can you identify the emotions this client is feeling? At what points did you first pick up on each one?
c) How would you feel personally about working with this client?
d) If you were the therapist for this client, what skills would you use or avoid using?
e) Comment on the skills used and/or effectiveness (or lack thereof) of the counselor’s approach.

Eighteen-month-old Stefana toddles across the floor to her mother, gripping her leg as she cries. “Ah, come here, hija,” her mother, Perda, says as she scoops Stefana into her arms and soothes her. “Are you tired? Let’s take a nap,” Perda says. As she puts Stefana in her crib, Perda reminds herself that Stefana has come a long way.
Stefana was a challenge from day 1, as Perda’s mother puts it. She cried through the day and night on most days. It was hard to determine what caused her to cry. Was the room too loud or too cold? Did she just wake up on the “wrong side of the crib”? Stefana was unpredictable, to say the least, sometimes liking specific foods—and other times spitting them out. Sometimes she napped and often she didn’t. “Challenging or not, I’m here for my little girl,” Perda thought.
At 18 months, Stefana is still unpredictable, but she is more easily soothed. Now when she hears a loud noise, like a truck backfiring outside, she no longer wails. Instead she looks to her mother and soon goes back to playing.
The child care center teacher has noted that Stefana adjusts much more easily to her mother leaving. When Perda goes to work, Stefana cries at first but sucks her thumb and begins to play shortly thereafter. She beams and runs to Perda when she returns every afternoon.
How would you describe Stefana’s temperament?
How do Stefana and Perda’s temperament styles interact?
How would you describe Stefana’s attachment style?
What long-term outcomes do you expect for Stefana?

Explain what the Big Five Model of Personality is. List and discuss the Big Five Personality Traits. (Research) Secondly, provide your opinion on how well the Big Five works to explain personality? 250 words or more.
Cite sources APA

The purpose of this paper is for you to demonstrate your ability to apply a working knowledge of the theories, terminology, and concepts of human growth and development. You will discuss your own development over your lifetime and how it relates to the developmental concepts discussed throughout this course. You will analyze your life as it relates to the key aspects of human growth and development. What are key developmental times in your life and the influencing factors that led to who you are today?
Instructions
You will incorporate your empirical studies related to your chosen developmental aspect of your life. Also, use the course readings or presentations to support what you propose about your own development in your paper. Depending on your life and the influences, there may be more attention placed during one period of time. You are encouraged to glean information from your mother about her pregnancy with you to see if there were any notable issues during that time. Remember to include your spiritual development with applicable research.
The body of the paper must be 8–10 pages
oExcluding the title page, abstract, and reference page
Please adhere to current APA format.
You must include 8–10 peer-reviewed, relevant sources in your paper.
oAt least 7 of the sources must be empirical articles.
The sources must be less than 10 years old unless any of the citations are linked to an author whose work is seminal to your topic.
In addition, obtain as much information as you can about any significant events in your early childhood years. How did you do in those key developmental years? Did you approach all developmental milestones with ease, or were there challenges? Since this is a comprehensive paper, you will address your development across your lifespan.
Finally, you will conclude your paper by addressing any current lifestyle behaviors that may influence your aging process. You will address these issues, how they will affect your aging process, and what you plan to do about it. Your conclusion must offer suggestions for further study.
I am a 27 year old female illullul.]]

Flashbulb memories are memories about a specific event that are so vivid it creates a ″snapshot″ of the event. Examples of well-known flashbulb memory events include the 9/11 attacks, Challenger disaster, and the MLK or JFK assassinations.
Research the phenomenon of flashbulb memories. Discuss the major theorists, main characteristics of flashbulb memories and the major criticisms of these types of memories. Now, identify a personal example of a flashbulb memory and describe in detail what you were doing when you heard the news of this event (what was the time? who were you with? what was the first thing you thought of when you heard the news?).
Thinking back to when your flashbulb memory event occurred. How confident are you about the accuracy of your responses about this event? Is the experience of your flashbulb memory event consistent with the characteristics and/or criticisms of flashbulb memories?
Requirements
Length: 2-3 pages (not including Title and References pages)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Running header in the upper left of all pages
Page number in the upper right of all pages
Parenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA style
References page (a minimum of 2 outside scholarly sources plus the textbook and/or the weekly lesson)

Discuss 6 counseling techniques and theories such as Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, and Cognitive. Answer
Here are six counseling techniques and theories, including Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, and Cognitive:
Behavioral Therapy:
Theory: Behavioral therapy is based on the premise that behavior is learned and can be unlearned or modified through conditioning.
Techniques:
Operant Conditioning: This technique involves reinforcing desired behaviors and extinguishing undesired ones. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment are used to shape behavior.
Systematic Desensitization: Used for treating phobias and anxiety disorders, this technique involves gradually exposing individuals to their fears while teaching relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety.
Behavioral Contracts: Therapists and clients create written agreements specifying behavioral goals and rewards for achieving them.
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Theory: Developed by Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic therapy explores the unconscious mind’s influence on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Techniques:
Free Association: Clients are encouraged to speak freely about their thoughts and feelings without censoring themselves.
Dream Analysis: Therapists analyze clients’ dreams to uncover unconscious conflicts and desires.
Transference: Clients’ feelings and emotions toward the therapist are explored to gain insights into their relationships and unresolved issues.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
Theory: CBT combines cognitive and behavioral approaches to address negative thought patterns and behaviors.
Techniques:
Cognitive Restructuring: Clients learn to identify and challenge irrational or negative thoughts and replace them with more balanced and constructive ones.
Exposure Therapy: Used to treat anxiety disorders, clients are exposed to their fears in a controlled manner, helping them desensitize and reevaluate their reactions.
Homework Assignments: Clients are given tasks to practice new coping strategies and monitor their progress between sessions.
Humanistic-Existential Therapy:
Theory: Humanistic and existential therapies emphasize personal growth, self-awareness, and existential concerns like meaning and purpose in life.
Techniques:
Client-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers): Therapists provide empathetic and nonjudgmental support, creating a safe environment for clients to explore their feelings and experiences.
Gestalt Therapy (Fritz Perls): Clients are encouraged to focus on the present moment and take responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Existential Therapy: Therapists help clients confront existential questions and dilemmas related to mortality, freedom, and responsibility.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT):
Theory: SFBT is a goal-oriented approach that emphasizes clients’ strengths and resources to identify and achieve solutions to their problems.
Techniques:
Scaling Questions: Therapists ask clients to rate their current situation on a scale from 1 to 10 and explore what would move them one step higher.
Miracle Question: Clients are asked to imagine a scenario where their problem is miraculously solved overnight, helping them envision a future without the issue.
Exception Questions: Therapists inquire about times when the problem was less severe or absent, encouraging clients to identify existing strengths and coping strategies.
Narrative Therapy:
Theory: Narrative therapy focuses on the stories people tell about their lives and how those narratives shape their identity and experiences.
Techniques:
Externalization: Clients are encouraged to separate themselves from their problems, viewing them as external entities rather than inherent characteristics.
Reauthoring: Therapists help clients reconstruct and rewrite their life narratives in more empowering and positive ways.
Unique Outcomes: Clients are prompted to identify exceptions or moments when they resisted the problem’s influence, highlighting their resilience and strengths.
These are just a few examples of counseling techniques and theories. Therapists often integrate multiple approaches to tailor their treatment to each individual’s unique needs and circumstances.

This chapter presented theories regarding the nature of Intelligence. Two of these were Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory and Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory.
Discussion Question: Which of these two theories (only select one) do you believe best explains the concept of Intelligence? Why? Make sure that you include data from the textbook for your chosen theory (and cite it appropriately) to support your answer
Note: Do not post your response until you have read and studied these theories in your text and the Lecture Notes. If you have not yet done so, make sure that you view the videos on Robert Sternberg’s and Howard Gardner’s Theories. The videos are posted below.
link to textbook – https://assets.openstax.org/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/Psychology2e_WEB.pdf?_gl=1*moer40*_ga*MTI4Nzg3NTE0OC4xNTgxNjk4ODAy*_ga_T746F8B0QC*MTY2ODcwOTU4OS45LjEuMTY2ODcxMTQxOC40OC4wLjA.
link to videos – https://youtu.be/L7C7qIRYiv0
– https://youtu.be/H1J2fzzYWic