Category: Public Health

Poverty is the number one predictor of poor health status. To achieve health equity in our society, we need to truly understand what it means to be living in poverty. Throughout the semester we will be exploring poverty and how to best work with this population as you become a health professional.
The Introduction section of the book discusses how poverty forces families into survival mode. Answer the following questions in your discussion response.
What are some possible examples of living in survival mode (minimum of two examples)? For instance, people may resort to criminal activity to get what they need to survive or earn money.
How does living in survival mode contribute to health disparities?
Please cite references used in your response. This is a DISCUSSION so please interact and post responses to your classmates’ reply. You will be graded on your response and your interaction with classmates as discussed in the discussion rubric.
I uploaded the introduction section And after you send the post for discussion you have to respond to two student’s posts .

Submit your Collaboration & Teamwork report publish here by the due date. Please review the Collaboration & Teamwork module for detailed instructions on completing this assignment. The rubric is below.
Collaboration & Teamwork Rubric (1)
CriteriaRatingsPts
Writing/Grammar/Mechanics
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15 to >13 pts
Exceeds expectations
The writer has a good command of the language and writes fluently with few/no grammar or mechanical errors. Writer communicates effectively in writing using standard English structures. The reader has no difficulty understanding the content.13 to >10 pts
Meets Expectations
The writing is clear though some minor grammar or mechanical errors may be present. Writer communicates effectively in writing using standard English structures. Reader understands content, though a few awkward structures may be present.10 to >0 pts
Needs Improvement
The writer has difficulty communicating effectively in writing with many major grammar or mechanical errors. The reader has difficulty understanding the content. Many slang terms and non-standard structures present./ 15 pts
Presentation and Formatting
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10 to >8 pts
Exceeds Expectations
Paper appears professional in its presentation. Consistently uses double spacing, first line indent on paragraphs, and standard 12 pt. font.8 to >6 pts
Meets Expectations
Paper appears professional in its presentation though there may be some inconsistencies in formatting and presentation.6 to >0 pts
Needs Improvement
Presentation skills are developing. Formatting may not be consistent or not follow guidelines given. Some design elements may not be appropriate for the assignment (e.g., using Comic Sans font!)./ 10 pts
Documentation of Learning Outcome
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25 to >24 pts
Exceeds Expectations
The paper demonstrates that the learning outcome has been met. The writer includes purpose of team, his/her role or contribution to the team, and any outcome of work. The work documented is substantial, not superficial. It may include documentation of several small projects or a larger, more intensive one.24 to >18 pts
Meets Expectations
The paper demonstrates that the learning outcome has been met. The writer includes purpose of team, his/her role or contribution to the team, and any outcome of work. The work documented is substantial, not superficial. It may include documentation of several small projects or a larger, more intensive one. Documentation may be less well-substantiated than in an “Exceeds” paper.18 to >0 pts
Needs Improvement
The paper does not demonstrate that the learning outcome has been met. Many of the required elements are missing and the paper may be shorter than required length.

Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide an opportunity for students to work collaboratively while applying community health concepts and the nursing process to the care of a population. Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: 1. Provide comprehensive care with increasing autonomy to individuals, families, aggregates, and communities in a variety of health care settings based on theories and principles of nursing and related disciplines. (PO 1) 2. Integrate clinical judgment in professional decision making and implement the nursing process in the community health setting. (PO 4) 4. Communicate effectively with client populations and with other healthcare providers in managing the healthcare of individuals, families, aggregates, and communities. (PO 3) 5. Practice in established professional roles to provide cost‐effective, quality healthcare to consumers in structured and unstructured settings. (PO 7) 6. Demonstrate leadership skills and collaborate with consumers and other health care providers in direct care or delegation of responsibilities within all levels of healthcare. (PO 2) 7. Accept accountability for personal and professional development as part of the life‐long learning process. (PO 5) 8. Incorporate evidence‐based practice in the provision of professional nursing care to individuals, families, aggregates, and communities. (PO 8) Due date: Your faculty member will inform you when this assignment is due. The Late Assignment Policy applies to this assignment. Total points possible: 100 points Preparing the assignment Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions. 1) Student teams of three to four persons will form either by faculty assignment or self‐selection. 2) The team will conduct a community assessment that includes a windshield survey. 3) The presentation will be no longer than 15 minutes in length, with an additional 5 minutes for answering questions from the audience. 4) Review the Healthy People Leading Health Indicators at: https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/leading-health-indicators
5) Ideas for obtaining additional demographic data include but are not limited to the following: a. County health rankings at http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/ b. Census reports at https://www.census.gov/ c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention vital signs at: https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/topics.html 6) Include the following sections (detailed criteria listed below and in the Grading Rubric). a. Community Assessment ‐ 25 points/25% • Provides a descriiption of the community based on the findings from the team’s windshield survey. • Provides pictures or videos taken during the windshield survey clearly identifying windshield survey elements. • Discusses demographic data. • Discusses geographic data. • Uses data from databases, interviews, and the textbook to support the assessment. b. Aggregate (Target) Population ‐ 10 points/10% • Identifies an aggregate population, based on age vulnerability, culture, or chronic disease, to develop a community health diagnosis, plan, interventions and evaluation. • Includes a thorough descriiption of the aggregate population. • Aggregate population is based on three or more elements or risks that impose a negative impact on the health of the community, identified in the community assessment. • Identifies gatekeepers or key informants who will assist the community health nurse in gaining access to the population of interest. c. Community Health Diagnoses ‐ 10 points/10% • Includes two community health diagnoses using the data from the community assessment. • Includes one wellness diagnosis. • Diagnoses are listed in the order of priority justified by the data findings and analysis. • The diagnoses consist of four components: the identification of the health problem or risk, the affected aggregate, the etiological statement, and the support for the diagnosis (Nies, 2019, p. 102). d. Plan for Priority Diagnosis ‐ 10 points/10% • Includes a minimum of 1 short‐term and 1 long‐term goal for identified priority diagnosis. • Goals relate to the identified priority diagnosis. • Goals follow the SMART format: specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timed. • Explains how the plan allows for client involvement. • Explains how the plan advances the knowledge of members of the community. e. Interventions for Priority Diagnosis ‐ 10 points/10% • Proposed interventions are specific to the identified priority diagnosis and assist in meeting the identified goals. • Proposed interventions are supported by scholarly, evidence based sources. • Identifies the level of prevention for proposed interventions. • Identifies the category and level of practice (community, systems, or individual/family) that best describes the proposed interventions from the Public Health Intervention Wheel (Nies, 2019, p. 14). f. Evaluation for Priority Diagnosis – 10 points/10% • Discusses evaluation from the level of a client to the aggregate population. • Describes the measures that will be used to evaluate meeting the identified goals. • Evaluation plan establishes specific outcome criteria for evaluating the identified goals. • The evaluation plan includes specific elements to determine efficacy of interventions (how, who, when). g. Community Resources – 15 points/15% • Identifies a minimum of two community partners or agencies that can serve as resources for carrying out the proposed interventions. • Includes an evidence-based rationale for why the community partner or agency is the ideal partner for the proposed interventions. • Identifies specific resources at the community partner or agency that can be used by the community or population. • Describes websites or other electronic sources that provide support for the proposed intervention. h. APA Style and Presentation ‐ 10 points/10% • Maintains professionalism, including presence of all team members, adhering to the time limit, and using presentation software. • References are submitted with assignment. • Uses current APA format and is free of errors. • Grammar and mechanics are free of errors. • At least three (3) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided. For writing assistance, visit the Writing Center. Grading Rubric Criteria are met when the student’s application of knowledge within the paper demonstrates achievement of the outcomes for this assignment. Assignment Section and Required Criteria (Points possible/% of total points available) Highest Level of Performance High Level of Performance Satisfactory Level of Performance Unsatisfactory Level of Performance Section not present in paper Community Assessment
(25 points/25%) 25 points 23 points 20 points 12 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Provides a descriiption of the community based on the findings from the team’s windshield survey. 2. Provides pictures or videos taken during the windshield survey clearly identifying windshield survey elements. 3. Discusses demographic data. 4. Discusses geographic data. 5. Uses data from databases, interviews, and the textbook to support the assessment where appropriate. Includes no fewer than 5 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes 1‐2 requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented. Aggregate (Target) Population (10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Identifies an aggregate population, based on age vulnerability, culture, or chronic disease, to develop a community health diagnosis, plan, interventions and evaluation. 2. Includes a thorough descriiption of the aggregate population. 3. Aggregate population is based on three or more elements or risks that impose a negative impact on the health of the community, identified in the community assessment. 4. Identifies gatekeepers or key informants who will assist the community health nurse in gaining access to the population of interest. Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section. Includes no less than 1 requirement for section. No requirements for this section presented. Community Health Diagnoses (10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Includes two community health diagnoses using the data from the community assessment. 2. Includes one wellness or health promotion diagnosis. 3. Diagnoses are listed in the order of priority justified by the data findings and analysis. 4. The community health diagnoses consist of four components: the identification of the health problem or risk, the affected aggregate, the etiological statement, and the support for the diagnosis (Nies, 2019, p. 102). Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section. Includes no less than 1 requirement for section. No requirements for this section presented. Plan for Priority Diagnosis
(10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Includes a minimum of 1 short‐term and 1 long-term goal for identified priority diagnosis. 2. Goals relate to the identified priority diagnosis. 3. Goals follow the SMART format: Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timed. 4. Explains how the plan allows for client involvement. 5. Explains how the plan advances the knowledge of members of the community. Includes no fewer than 5 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes 1‐2 requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented. Interventions for Priority Diagnosis
(10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Proposed interventions are specific to the identified priority diagnosis and assist in meeting the identified goals. 2. Proposed interventions are supported by scholarly, evidence-based sources. 3. Identifies the level of prevention for proposed interventions. 4. Identifies the category and level of practice (community, systems, or individual/family) that best describes the proposed interventions from the Public Health Intervention Wheel. Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section. Includes no less than 1 requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented. Evaluation for Priority Diagnosis
(10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Discusses evaluation from the level of a client to the aggregate population. 2. Describes the measures that will be used to evaluate meeting the identified goals. 3. Evaluation plan establishes specific outcome criteria for evaluating the identified goals. 4. The evaluation plan includes specific elements to determine efficacy of interventions (how, who, when). Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section. Includes 1 or fewer requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented. Community Resources
(15 points/15%) 15 points 14 points 12 points 9 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Identifies a minimum of two community partners or agencies that can serve as resources for carrying out the proposed interventions. 2. Includes an evidence-based rationale for why the community partner or agency is the ideal partner for the proposed interventions. 3. Identifies specific resources at the community partner or agency that can be used by the community or population. 4. Describes websites or other electronic sources that provide support for the proposed intervention. Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section. Includes no less than 1 requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented. APA Style and Presentation
(10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Required criteria 1. Maintains professionalism, including presence of all team members, adhering to the time limit, and using presentation software. 2. References are submitted with assignment. 3. Uses appropriate current APA format and is free of errors. 4. Grammar and mechanics are free of errors. 5. At least three (3) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided. Includes no fewer than 5 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes 1‐2 requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented. Total Points Possible = 100 points THIS IS WHAT THE SLIDES SHOULD BE ON. THIS IS MY PART Proposed interventions are specific to the identified priority diagnosis and assist in meeting the identified goals
Proposed interventions are supported by scholarly, evidence-based sources
Identifies the level of prevention for proposed interventions
Identifies the category and level of practice (community, systems, or individual/family) that best describes the proposed interventions from the Public Health Intervention Wheel

Conflicts of Interest in Healthcare Policy-making
Conflicts of interest can occur in healthcare policymaking, which can undermine the integrity of the policy-making process and the credibility of the resulting policies. Here are two examples of conflicts of interest in healthcare policymaking:
Industry Influence: A conflict of interest can arise when policymakers have close ties to the industry they are regulating. For example, a government official who previously worked for a pharmaceutical company may be more likely to support policies that benefit the pharmaceutical industry, even if it is not in the best interest of the public. According to a study by Gaffney et al. (2019), the pharmaceutical industry’s influence on the policymaking process has led to policies that prioritize profits over patients’ interests. This study highlights the importance of transparency in the policymaking process and the need to mitigate conflicts of interest.
Political Influence: A conflict of interest can also arise when policymakers prioritize their political interests over the public’s interest. For instance, a policymaker may support a policy that benefits their political party or their reelection campaign, even if it is not in the best interest of the public. A study by Powell et al. (2018) found that political factors, such as campaign contributions and party affiliations, can influence healthcare policymaking in the US. The study suggests that addressing these political influences is necessary to ensure that healthcare policies are evidence-based and aligned with the public’s interests.
Various factors can influence stakeholders to engage in policymaking activities that could pose a conflict of interest. For example, financial incentives, ideological beliefs, and personal connections with industry leaders can motivate stakeholders to support policies that align with their interests rather than the public’s interest. According to McMichael et al. (2021), stakeholder engagement is crucial in healthcare policymaking to ensure that diverse perspectives are considered, and conflicts of interest are mitigated. The authors suggest that establishing clear guidelines and protocols for stakeholder engagement can help mitigate conflicts of interest and improve the policymaking process’s transparency.
References:
Gaffney, A., Lexchin, J., & Wilsdon, T. (2019). Getting real about policy and evidence: a review of the health policy literature. Social Science & Medicine, 229, 1-9.
McMichael, B. J., Porterfield, D. S., Goplerud, E., & Briggance, B. M. (2021). Engaging stakeholders in health policy: Current challenges and directions for future research. Health Policy, 125(1), 1-7.
Powell, T., Bachrach, D., & Jones, E. (2018). Political influence on US health policy: the role of lobbying and campaign contributions. Social Science & Medicine, 216, 1-8.: data analysis with estimation graphics. Nature methods, 16(7), 565-566.
this qoustion There are a number of stakeholders in healthcare, many of whom are actively involved in policymaking activities. A common compliance-related concern involves a conflict of interest between a stakeholder and the organization. A conflict of interest often involves the inability of a stakeholder to perform their duties appropriately because it could possibly betray their interests to the organization. For instance, interest groups may attempt to influence public policy in their favor, often by lobbying members of the government. In this case, the influence of interest groups on policymaking is not necessarily an illegal activity; rather, it is viewed more as a significant part of the decision-making process. Based on what you learned this week, address the following requirements:
Discuss two examples of conflicts of interest in policymaking.
What might influence stakeholders to engage in policymaking activities that could pose a conflict of interest?

Using the Survey Results Worksheet linked here, create a presentation that effectively displays and communicates your survey results to a target audience.
D5 Survey Results Worksheet.xlsx
Choose a research question in your field, and write ten original, quantitative survey questions that correlate with the ten data columns on the Survey Results Worksheet. You may add qualitative questions and data if you wish.
Using the data in each column, create a graph, chart, or other data visualization for each of the ten survey items. You may employ any data visualization tool you prefer; however, please export and submit this document as a PDF.
Validate your data visualizations by including a one paragraph (five to seven sentences, minimum) interpretation of the findings for each of the ten data sets.

Healthcare Fraud and Abuse in Saudi Arabia
As in many other nations worldwide, healthcare fraud and abuse is a rising problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the healthcare system, fraud and abuse can take many different forms, such as fake billing, kickbacks, and overusing services. There are various types of widespread healthcare fraud and abuse in Saudi Arabia. As in many other nations worldwide, healthcare fraud and abuse is a rising problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the healthcare system, fraud and abuse can take many different forms, such as fake billing, kickbacks, and overusing services. The Saudi Arabian healthcare system is being impacted by several widespread problems with healthcare fraud and abuse.
False billing is among the most prevalent types of medical fraud and abuse in Saudi Arabia. This happens when service providers file erroneous claims for services that were either not rendered at all or were rendered at a higher cost than what was charged. False billing can cost the healthcare system millions of riyals in losses while also raising the cost of care for patients (Alonazi, W. B. 2020).
The second type of medical fraud is bribes. The Saudi Arabian healthcare system frequently deals with kickbacks. This occurs when medical professionals are paid bribes or other rewards in return for directing patients to particular services or goods. This practice may lead to the misuse of some services and the prescription of hazardous or needless treatments (Alonazi, W. B. 2020).
Overuse of services is a third problem that plagues Saudi Arabia’s healthcare system frequently. When medical professionals undertake more tests or treatments than are necessary for an effort to boost their earnings, this can happen. Patients’ bills are increased as a result, and unneeded procedures may have complications or negative side effects that endanger their health (Alonazi, W. B. 2020).
The Saudi Arabian government has put in place several regulatory and administrative measures to lessen fraud and abuse in the healthcare sector to solve these challenges. For instance, the government has set up a national healthcare fraud unit, which is in charge of looking into and prosecuting incidents of healthcare fraud. To promote openness in the healthcare system, the government has also put in place a variety of regulations, such as forcing healthcare professionals to disclose any financial ties they may have to pharmaceutical firms. The government has also enhanced the penalty for individuals who are found guilty of committing healthcare fraud and increased financing for investigations into healthcare fraud and abuse (Alkomah, B. 2022).
In conclusion, healthcare fraud and abuse are significant problems in Saudi Arabia, as they are in many other nations. The Saudi Arabian government is making significant strides to decrease fraud and abuse in the healthcare system and to raise the standard of treatment for patients by addressing the most widespread problems, such as fraudulent invoicing, kickbacks, and overuse of services.
References
Alonazi, W. B. (2020). Fraud and abuse in the Saudi healthcare system: a triangulation analysis. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 57, 0046958020954624.
Alkomah, B. (2022). Abuse Detection in Medical Claims Using NLP and Deep Learning Techniques (Doctoral dissertation, University of Idaho).
this is was qoustion Locate an article which addresses the prevalent healthcare fraud and abuse issues in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Discuss the three of the most prevalent healthcare fraud and abuse issues in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. What regulatory and governmental efforts are in place to reduce fraud and abuse?
Support your statements with logic and argument, citing any sources referenced. Post your initial response early and check back often to continue the discussion…..

Policy and Supply and Demand (125 Points)
Various programs to increase employment in the healthcare sector have recently been introduced in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As a result, an increasing number of foreigners have been provided with the opportunity work in the Kingdom. Studies show that 30% of the workforce in Saudi Arabia consists of expatriates (expats), or individuals from other countries who reside in the Kingdom.
Assuming the role of Director of Human Resources, you have been tasked with filling a number of open positions in your hospital. One strategy you are considering is to recruit expats. There are national policies and procedures that employers must follow before recruiting for and hiring expats. Create a PowerPoint presentation for your facility’s Board of Directors with the following heading items in your submission:
Identify and describe an open position that needs to be filled. Rationalize the need for this position.
Explain national policies that restrict expat employment in the Kingdom. Describe how to “sell” the strategy of recruiting and hiring expats to the Board of Directors.
Conclusion.
Your presentation should meet the following structural requirements:
Be 7-8 slides in length, not including the cover or reference slides.
Be formatted according to APA and Saudi Electronic University writing guidelines.
Provide support for your statements with citations from a minimum of four scholarly articles. These citations should be stated in the Notes section of the slide in which they appear. Two of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but four must be external.
Presentation notes are required for each slide to support the slide content. These must be a part of the presentation, and so the presentation cannot be submitted in PDF format, which does not make notes visible to the instructor. About 150 words on each slide in the presentation notes area will suffice.
Utilize headings to organize the content in your presentation

Patient experience is the sum of all encounters that influence patient views across the continuum of care. These interactions are shaped by the culture of the organization providing care (The Beryl Institute, 2022)
The goal of the Patient Experience Management Program is to enable beneficiaries (patients and their families) to participate in the evaluation of the services that have been provided to them, whether those services have been supplied to them virtually or through traditional health facilities and healthcare centers. It was mentioned that the program is based on specially prepared surveys that are administered at each treatment cycle or visit in order to determine the perceptions of the beneficiaries as well as the areas in which there is room for advancement. In order to assure objectivity and the credibility of the results, the program utilizes international scientific methods in order to measure the level of satisfaction of beneficiaries with the health services provided by a third party. The findings are then evaluated in light of regional and worldwide standards (MOH, 2018).
One of the national transformation initiatives to improve patient experience and to achieve distinctive health care is the Patient Experience Measurement Program, which is offered by the Ministry of Health (MOH). This program is a part of the national transformation initiatives that are being led by the Assistant Agency for Planning and Organizational Excellence, in collaboration with the Quality General Department, the Patient Experience Centre, the Vision Realization Office (VRO), and all healthcare service providers (MOH, 2019).
The purpose of the initiative is to provide the opportunity for beneficiaries (patients and their families) to participate in the quality improvement process. This will be accomplished by assessing the beneficiaries’ levels of satisfaction with a variety of health services provided by the MOH in facilities run by the MOH. It provides access to a variety of hospitals, specialty facilities, primary health care centers, blood banks, tobacco cessation programs, premarital screening centers, the 937-Service Center, and other treatment visits. The program will expand the scope of operations such that it will cover all of the facilities owned by the MOH (MOH, 2018).
We collaborate with an independent third party (Health.Links/Press Ganey) to manage surveys and to issue reports relevant to the program in order to ensure that we live up to our commitment to the highest possible standards in this regard. As a result, there is no bias in the measurements taken or the data obtained at any of the MOH’s facilities (MOH, 2019).
Press Ganey has become a pioneering global organization in the measurement and improvement of patient experience thanks to the research and expertise it has accumulated over the course of three decades. In an effort to enhance the standard of care provided, the company collaborates with more than 35,000 medical facilities across the globe, including more than fifty percent of hospitals in the United States. Health.Links/ Press Ganey’s regional partner is a Saudi-based organization that has the largest set of patient experience benchmarks in the region and conducts more than 2,500,000 surveys on a yearly basis.
Visit the website of Press Ganey for further information on this matter (MOH, 2018).
The following is a list of the program’s outputs, which may be found at these points:
Using Press Ganey Solutions, an organization that specializes in quality improvement and patient experience research, to collect data on the experiences of patients utilizing a subset of the Ministry of Health’s facilities and services.
Formulating, on a national scale, a benchmark for the various stages of the patient experience.
Analyzing the variety and quality of services offered at each of the MOH’s locations.
Using Press Ganey standards to make a comparison between the patient experience levels in facilities run by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and their equivalents in the GCC and on an international level.
Having an understanding of the priorities and elements that contribute to an improved patient experience at the level of the facilities and services provided by the MOH.
Locate a recent patient experience study in Saudi Arabia from the Saudi Digital Library and summarize the study.
The researchers set out to examine whether or whether there is a connection between patient demographics, physician-patient communication, care coordination, and overall satisfaction with primary health care centers (Senitan & Gillespie, 2019).
A cross-sectional analysis was performed using a patient-experience tool. A convenience sample of 157 outpatients from 10 of Saudi Arabia’s 13 regions was recruited. To an extent, the model’s input predictors may be held accountable for 81% of the total scores (Senitan & Gillespie, 2019).
The total rating predicted by this model was most affected by doctors’ capacity to respond to patients’ questions. This was followed by the length of time spent with the doctor, the type of PHC provided, and the doctors’ abilities to show compassion, pay close attention, and communicate effectively (Senitan & Gillespie, 2019). The least influential factors were healthcare provider follow-up and physician familiarity with the patient’s medical history (Senitan & Gillespie, 2019).
The results of this study suggest that improving the patient experience and the quality of care delivered in PHCs necessitates a greater emphasis on communication between physicians and patients. In order to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of primary health care clinics, the Ministry of Health should mandate the provision of an interpretation service for patients. The Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions should require better doctor-patient contact as part of their standards for approving primary care clinics (Senitan & Gillespie, 2019).
Report on the methods and measurements utilized in the study design related to the content of this module:
– A cross-sectional study was conducted using a patient experience tool
– A convenience sample of 157 patients was collected from May to September 2017 through the SHARIK Initiative https://sharikhealth.com/ (Senitan & Gillespie, 2019).
Demographic:
subjects were stratified into age groups of 18 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 years.
Subjects were further stratified by income into groups of 30 000 Saudi Riyal (3.75 SAR ¼ US$1) per month.
subjects were stratified by education levels into the following groups: primary school, secondary school, high school, diploma (or equivalent), bachelor and master, or PhD (or equivalent). The type of PHCs was tested with overall satisfaction ratings.
Physician–patient communication:
Only 5 items from the communication domain of version 2 were used in this study to assess how often patients felt their doctors had provided them with sufficient time, attention, explanation, respect, and comprehension. When responding to the CG-CAHPS questions, Saudi patients used a three-point Likert scale (yes, yes somewhat, and no).
Overall ratings (satisfaction):
The overall ratings of the physician or provider were measured as the main outcome of this study. The questionnaire asked patients to rate their physicians on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 and 10indicating the worst and best, respectively. The overall ratings were then categorized to indicate low (0-6), medium (7- 8), and high (9-10) satisfaction (Senitan & Gillespie, 2019).
References
MOH. (2018). Patient experience measurement program. Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia. https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/MediaCenter/New…
MOH. (2019). Patient satisfaction survey result. Moh.gov.sa. https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/pxmp/Pages/defa…
Senitan, M., & Gillespie, J. (2019). Health-Care Reform in Saudi Arabia: Patient Experience at Primary Health-Care Centers. Journal of Patient Experience, 7(4), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373519872420
The Beryl Institute. (2022). Improving the Patient Experience. Www.theberylinstitute.org. https://www.theberylinstitute.org/page/About

Digital Health Technologies in KSA (125 points)
Evaluate the use of digital health technologies in Saudi Arabia that would support expanding patient access to medical care by researching a minimum of four peer-reviewed articles on this topic and then creating a brochure or infographic using appropriate templates available online. Discuss how these information technology innovations can benefit the Saudi population and how they align with the MOH strategic plans. What barriers or challenges prevent the adoption of these technologies, and what would you recommend to remove those barriers or challenges? Demonstrate how this recommendation will increase patient access to care and support the achievement of Saudi Vision 2030. Elements to be explained:
introduction Digital health expanding access to medical care
Information technology innovation benefits
Barriers and challenges to adoption
Recommendations to remove barriers and challenges
Achieving Saudi Vision 2030
Conclusion summary
Create a brochure or infographic using appropriate templates available online that the Ministry of Health could use to support Saudi healthcare organizations in their adoption of Telehealth to provide greater access to healthcare services for their patients. Your brochure should meet the following structural requirements:
A two-page brochure that includes all the elements detailed above not including cover page, references
Follow APA 7th edition and Saudi Electronic University writing standards. Be sure to cite any statistics or other information as appropriate. You are strongly encouraged to submit all assignments to the Turnitin Originality Check prior to submitting them to your instructor for grading. If you are unsure how to submit an assignment to the Originality Check tool, review the Turnitin Originality Check Student Guide.

What are the different health communication strategies that can be used to promote a specific health behavior?
What is the evidence for the effectiveness of these strategies?
What are the challenges of using health communication to promote health behavior change?
How can these challenges be overcome?