Category: Public Health

Write an essay that discusses why the Dominican Republic and France have similar (or different) disease burdens (HIV as well). Your analysis should consider such factors as the cultural, economic, behavioral, environmental, and biological attributes of each country, the distribution of resources within each population, and the ability of each country’s health system to prevent, diagnose, and treat the disease. You should incorporate the table into the body of your paper.
The paper body should be a minimum of 10 double-spaced pages, excluding your table and bibliography. The table itself should be placed at the end of your paper. The paper should include a strong introductory paragraph with a clear thesis, a body that uses original arguments, and analysis and uses primary source material to support claims. The paper should close with a substantive conclusion and have a complete and properly formatted bibliography of all of the sources you have cited in your research. In addition to any data tool sites such as those above, you are expected to draw on a minimum of 5 peer-reviewed, scholarly sources to support your analysis. News articles and other non-scholarly sources may be used in addition to your scholarly sources; these must also be cited and included in your bibliography. Do not use encyclopedias (Wikipedia is a big no-no) or other general-reference texts such as dictionaries in your research, as these are not considered college-level research sources.
As this assignment asks you to explore health and demographic data about select countries. Here are some great resources to help you find the data you need for the analytical portion of the paper:
1. UW’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)Links to an external site.
You should use the IHMEs GBD Compare Tool as described above to fill in the data for the table. It is a great resource for visualizing data, seeing trends, and comparing regions and countries. This tool allows you to easily and quickly create visual representations of your chosen country and the disease or condition of your choice.
2. WHOLinks to an external site.
The WHOs Global Health Observatory (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/countriesLinks to an external site.) also has many health statistics. After clicking on your country, explore the “country data and statistics” and “country pro les”.
3. World BankLinks to an external site.
The World Bank (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/Links to an external site.) has many development indicators. You can explore by searching the indicators and then adding your country or clicking on the “By Country” tab at the top of the page.
4. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)Links to an external site.
DHS is a USAID-funded project that carries out surveys in low-income countries receiving US foreign aid. Each DHS has extensive data about specific countries and can be found here: https://dhsprogram.com/Where-We-Work/Country-List.cfmLinks to an external site..
5. UNDPLinks to an external site.
The United Nations Development Program (http://hdr.undp.org/en/country-reportsLinks to an external site.) also collects many development indicators and has some excellent maps available too.

Meta-analysis is often used in research to support conclusions with aggregate statistical power, rather than attempting to rely on single studies to support outcomes. Read the following article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049418/ Links to an external site.
After reading about the pros and cons of meta-analysis processes, imagine that the hospital you work for has assigned you to research the incidence of fractured collarbones in children. Because you cannot find one definitive, significant study, you decide to review a number of small studies where the presence of a fractured collarbone is indicated but not significant.
In 3 to 4 pages, describe how you would glean relevant information from the small studies. What information is important to include in your final analysis? Is the meta-analysis you performed relevant, valid, and appropriate to examine the problem? Why or why not? Discuss the potential biases present in the meta-analysis you conducted. You must include support from the required readings and at least one outside source. You must format your paper in accordance with APA guidelines. Use the WCU Library to find scholarly sources that support your paper.

Title: Factors Contributing to Completion of the Treatment Programs Among Opiate Use Disorder Patients Using Heroin in New York State. Quantitative Secondary data analysis.
Variables.Type of treatment service, Veteran status, and Previous Arrest.
Method: quantitative study, descriiptive statistics and regression analysis.
Data Source
DATASET: TREATMENT EPISODE DATA SET DISCHARGES (TEDS-D) 2020
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/teds-treatment-episode-data-set
CODEBOOK https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/field-uploads-protected/studies/TEDS-D-2020/TEDS-D-2020-datasets/TEDS-D-2020-DS0001/TEDS-D-2020-DS0001-info/TEDS-D-2020-DS0001-info-codebook.pdf
1. SUPPORTING LITERTURE: In your review of recent, empirical literature, what keywords did you search and in what databases? Provide 10 brief summaries of recent, scholarly (peer-reviewed) articles that support/justify a current and relevant problem in public health. Include the complete, APA reference entry, followed by (a) an in-text citation; (b) what was studied; (c) what was found; and (d) why this research is important in relation to your study. This evidence provides the justification for your research problem. Use articles between 2018 and 2023 only. 3pages
2. Read recent literature to understand the problem, and given what other researchers are exploring, in detail, what is meaningful gap in the literate have you identified that your study will address? (What have others not yet explored about this problem that this study will address. i.e the new thing this study will explore). Avoid plagiarism. (2pages)
3. Identify your priority population and geographic location which will help identify the variables.
4. What are the dependent or outcome variables for this study and explain how they will be measured? What are the independent or predictor variables for this study and explain how they will be measured? How are the dependent variable will be operationalized? 3pages
5. RESEARCH QUESTIOS: List the questions and hypothesis that you plan to use to address the research problem. The question(s) must align with the study purpose and include the variables and/or concepts and how they will be examined 1page
6. PROBLEM: What was the social problem that prompted you to search the literature to find out more? 2page
7. Research Problem: Based on all of the above information (social problem, literature review, gap), what is your research problem? 1page
8. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To address the stated research problem, what is the purpose of your study? What do you want to explore or examine. Or assess? 1page
9. NATURE OF THE STUDY: What systematic approach/method and research design do you plan to use to address your research question(s)? b. For your planned research design, what type of data will you need and sources will provide it? c. What limitations, challenges, and/or barriers might you need to address while conducting this study? 3pages
10. Theoretical Framework: What specific theoretical framework support your study and who are the original authors? Provide an in-text citation with your response How do these theories relate to your research problem, purpose, and the nature of your study? 2Pages
11. Conceptual Framework: What specific theoretical framework support your study and who are the original authors? Provide an in-text citation with your response How do these concepts relate to your research problem, purpose, and the nature of your study? 2pages
12. Significant of the study: How will this study address the meaningful specific issue that you identified and therefore contribute to public and contribute to positive social change? 2pages
References in APA 7

Legislation related to environmental health – Global and National
Each student must select one important policy/legislation at the global and national levels and discuss the same in about 750 words (excluding references), including your suggestions to improve the policy.
Note: You will be automatically checked for plagiarism. A maximum of 20% is allowable. Students may choose the same topics, but the content must be different. The system will automatically detect plagiarism between students.

The healthcare system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a mix of public and private services. The public sector is managed by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and is responsible for providing free primary health care services to all citizens. Private sector healthcare is provided by hospitals and clinics run by private companies. The private sector in Saudi Arabia is well-developed, with major players such as Alahmadi Hospital and Saudi German Hospital. These hospitals offer specialized medical services such as cardiac care, orthopedics, and oncology that are not available in the public sector. In addition to the public and private sectors, Saudi Arabia also has a number of international healthcare providers, such as King Fahad Medical City, which provides specialized medical services to patients from all over the world (Al-Naimi et al., 2020). . The Saudi healthcare system is constantly evolving and expanding, with new initiatives such as telemedicine and digital health. The government is also investing heavily in research and development in the healthcare sector, with the aim of becoming a leader in the health care industry.
King Abdullah Medical City
KAMC is a public hospital owned by the government of Saudi Arabia. The hospital provides primary and secondary healthcare services and specialist and tertiary services for patients. KAMC also provides training for doctors, nurses and other healthcare personnel. The government funds the hospital, and the services are free for citizens of the Kingdom. KAMC strongly emphasizes patient safety and quality of care and employs modern technologies to improve patient outcomes.
Alahmadi Hospital
Alahmadi Hospital is a leading private hospital in Saudi Arabia, located in Al Khobar. It offers a wide range of medical services, including general medicine, cardiovascular care, trauma care, surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology. The hospital has state-of-the-art facilities, including an advanced operating theatre, modern intensive care units, and a dedicated emergency department. The hospital also provides specialized services, such as pediatric care, and also offers a range of preventive health care services. In addition, the hospital has a comprehensive range of diagnostic and treatment services, such as imaging, pathology, and radiology.
Similarities and Differences between Alahmadi Hospital and King Abdullah Medical City
Both Alahmadi Hospital and King Abdullah Medical City have advanced operating theatres, intensive care units, and emergency departments. Furthermore, both hospitals have a comprehensive range of diagnostic and treatment services, such as imaging, pathology, and radiology.
The main difference between the two hospitals is that Alahmadi Hospital is privately owned, while King Abdullah Medical City is a public institution. As a result, Alahmadi Hospital is able to provide more specialized services, such as pediatric care, due to the larger financial resources available. In addition, Alahmadi Hospital is able to offer more sophisticated technologies and equipment than KAMC.
Differences in How Law Influences Them
The law has a significant influence on the functioning of both Alahmadi Hospital and King Abdullah Medical City. For example, both hospitals must adhere to the same safety regulations and medical standards. However, because Alahmadi Hospital is a private institution, it has more freedom when it comes to hiring and firing staff, setting prices for services, and entering into contractual agreements with suppliers. On the other hand, KAMC, as a public hospital, is subject to the laws and regulations of the Saudi government, which can have a significant impact on its operations and overall functioning. The law impacts how these two facilities operate in a number of ways. For example, the Saudi government has implemented laws that govern the provision of healthcare services in the Kingdom. These laws ensure that public hospitals provide quality healthcare services to citizens and that private hospitals adhere to certain standards of care.
References
Al-Naimi, A. H., Al-Mutairi, N. A., & Sachdev, P. S. (2020). Health care system in Saudi Arabia. Saudi medical journal, 41(1), 124-128.
Rahman, R., & Alsharqi, O. Z. (2019). What drove the health system reforms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? An analysis. The International journal of health planning and management, 34(1), 100-110.

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Assignment 2
Break-Even Analysis Description and Solutions
Description
Overview
Maryland Home and Community-Based Services (MHCBS) is considering a major expansion that will enable it to attract a different clientele to its organization. Currently, they serve only 34% of the frail elderly seniors and persons with disabilities in the local area. The new chief executive officer (CEO) would like the organization to expand its revenue stream by investing in a multipurpose center serving healthy seniors by offering them arts and crafts and health and wellness programs. The center will also contain an Internet café offering nutritious breakfast and lunch options.
The CEO commissioned a needs assessment based on the following:
Approximately 120 seniors in the local community are interested in this center.
The CEO expects growth of the aging population to be at least 10% each year.
Cost growth across all areas of expenses is expected to rise by 5% each year.
The CEO has presented the proposal and financial information to the BOD, and they have advised the CEO that they are in full support of the strategy if the program is a benefit to the community and the organization can recoup its investment in five years.
Proposed revenue and costs to operate this new facility are as follows:
** Monthly Revenue
– Membership Fee: $125
** Monthly Fixed Costs
– Utilities: $590
– Health/Wellness Staff: $2,500
– Arts/Crafts Staff: $2,000
– Supplies: $800
– Fitness Equipment Maintenance Contract: $200
** Monthly Variable Costs
– Breakfast: $15
– Lunch: $25
Net Revenue/Cash Flow for Years 1 through 5
Based on the bullet points above, once the minimum threshold of participants is reached, the initial investment to establish the center is $317,880. The new organization anticipates that it will generate $46,920 of net revenues in the first year, $68,166 in the second year, $93,404 in the third year, $123,287 in the fourth year, and $158,573 in the fifth year.
Deliverables
The CEO has presented the proposal and financial information to the BOD, and they have advised the CEO that they are in full support of the strategy if the program is a benefit to the community and the organization can recoup its investment in five years. As a result, using information provided under the Overview, Needs Assessment Study, and Net Revenue (Cash Flow) for Years 1 through 5, the CEO has asked you to complete 1 and 2.
1. Perform the break-even analysis to determine how many seniors (break-even point) would need to have a full monthly membership for MHCBS to cover its monthly expenses. See Excel Spreadsheet to show your calculations.
2. Calculate the payback period to determine how long it will take MHCBS to recover its initial investment of establishing the senior multipurpose center. In a 2-4 page Memorandum to the CEO, explain their implications. Provide the discussion in the Memorandum (must be in proper memorandum format). *At least one (1) cited source is required.
Grading
Assignment 2 is worth 10 points. Grading is based on the Rubric, together with the UMGC “Grade Interpretation Quality Points” as provided in the Syllabus.
Due Date
Jun 27, 2023 11:59 PM
Attachments
Summer 2023 Assignment 2 Break-Even Analysis – … (11.52 KB)
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Read the CDC webpage about malaria.
Watch the following two videos:
What Does Malaria Do to the Human Body?

Malaria is the Deadliest Disease in Human History

Post A:
Respond to the following prompts:
1) Share three (3) facts that stuck out to you about malaria and why.
2) Malaria is a major health concern for many countries. What is the impact of malaria on individuals, families, or communities in developing nations? Please choose ONE group to discuss.
3) Suggest one way that health professionals can address the global issue of malaria and bring awareness to this disease.

Lease Decisions
The use of financial resources to ensure health care quality and equity is known as health care financing. It is considered an essential part of how well the healthcare system works. A lease is a contract that states this. How much and how long to rent a particular item. There are always two parties to a lease. The owner of the property is the lessor, and the other party is the lessee, who is the buyer or user (Gapenski, 2015).
Types of Leases
Finance leases
are also known as capital leases. Maintenance services are not included in this lease agreement and cannot be terminated. This agreement will usually depend on how long the rental item will last. These rents have been fully amortized. This lease agreement transfers to the lessee the benefits and risks associated with the asset or property.
Operating leases
are also known as service leases. The asset owner gets the assets back after the time of the lease. This lease allows the use of property or equipment without the giving and transfer of ownership rights. This contract gives the buyers a large amount of leverage that they can upgrade whenever they want because this contract contains the cancellatio clause.
Mixed LeasesThis type of lease offers both concepts of a lease. The features of operating and finance leases make this type of lease customizable. In simple words, this lease is a capital lease, but it contains a cancellation clause (Gapenski, 2015).
How is lease is better? Leasing is a good idea because it allows the business to acquire many assets and properties without having to pay the full price upfront. Compared to a loan from a bank or other financial institution, leasing is easier and more convenien
How lease is better Leasing is a good idea because it allows a company to acquire many assets and properties without having to pay the full price up front. Compared to a loan from a bank or other financial institution, leasing is an easier and more attainable term. Leasing makes it possible for assets to be upgraded more easily and reduces the issue of obsolescence. According to (Thornton, 2020) Leasing enables very expensive items to be purchased for a little monthly fee. In the actual world, building healthcare facilities and purchasing the necessary property are expensive and need significant investment. The infrastructure for healthcare institutions can be built with the aid of leasing. Leasing is a solution for overcoming financial and capital investment challenges.
Evaluating the leases To maximize benefits,
both parties assess the leasing agreement. The important factors that must be taken into account when negotiating a lease: The lessee should determine whether leasing is a more affordable choice than purchasing the asset. If the lease payments are sufficient to produce a profitable rate of return, the lessor should be taken into account. Investment risk needs to be assessed. When both parties consider the leasing from a theoretical standpoint, there is always some ambiguity (Azmi, 2022).
References: Azmi, F. (2022). Legal Analysis Of The Lease Agreement. International Asia of Law and Money Laundering (LAML), 1(3), 202-206. https://iaml.or.id/index.php/home/article/view/35 Gapenski, L. (2015, March 1). Understanding Healthcare Financial Management, Seventh Edition (Alpha/Hap Book) (7th ed.). Health Administration Press. Thornton, D. (2020, October). Understand Your Options Before You Sign Your Lease Renewal – ProQuest. www.proquest.com. https://www.proquest.com/openview/74c0f15f50b2aa4c…

Assignment Content
You have been asked to present to the senior leadership team at a chemical manufacturing company. The goal of the presentation is to inform senior leadership about OSHA Hazard Communication regulations and hazardous materials control technologies, so they can develop a hazardous communications program for other company.
Before you begin this assignment, review the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Before you begin this assignment, review the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR §1910.1200.
After you have reviewed the webpages above, imagine that you have been asked to present to the senior leadership team at a chemical manufacturing company. The goal of the presentation is to inform senior leadership about OSHA Hazard Communication regulations and hazardous materials control technologies, so they can develop a hazardous communications program for their company.
In a PowerPoint presentation, address the areas below.
Classify hazardous waste using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations.
Explain the purpose of OSHA and its importance to management practices.
Explain OSHA’s hierarchy of controls for hazards and provide an example of a control method for each level of the hierarchy (four total).
Explain why laws, regulations, and standards need to be considered when publishing a communications program.
Summarize the requirements of the OSHA Hazardous Communication program that regulates the control of hazardous materials in the workplace.
Provide the steps that leadership should take to develop their hazardous communications program at their company.
Describe common hazardous materials control technologies.
Your PowerPoint presentation must be at least 12 slides in length, not counting the title slide and references slides. Support your presentation with at least two references. Use APA Style for in-text citations and references. Your references can include but are not limited to the textbook or any OSHA websites. Support your presentation with at least two images or graphics. Speaker notes are not required for this assignment.

Evaluating Patient Experience
History
The Patient Experience Measurement Program (PEMP) is a crucial factor for the National Transformation Program (NTP) in Saudi Arabia; The PEMP is a national initiative to enhance the quality of healthcare services by evaluating patients’ experiences in healthcare facilities. One of the main objectives of the PEMP is to promote patient-centered care in healthcare facilities. This involves placing the patient at the center of the care process and considering their preferences, needs, and values. By focusing on patient-centered care, the PEMP aims to improve the overall quality of care and enhance patients’ satisfaction with their healthcare services. (Alharbi et al., 2021).
The history of the PEMP emphasizes the importance of improving the quality of healthcare services and enhancing the patient experience as a key component of the healthcare system. The PEMP was subsequently launched as part of the NTP, which aims to transform the healthcare system and improve access to healthcare services for all citizens. (Alharbi et al., 2021)
Aim
The primary aim of the PEMP is to evaluate patients’ experiences in healthcare facilities across the country and identify areas for improvement. The program uses various tools and methodologies, including patient satisfaction surveys, focus groups, and other qualitative and quantitative measures . The data collected is analyzed to identify areas where improvements can be made, and appropriate interventions are then implemented to enhance the quality of care. (Alasiri & Mohammed, 2022)
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Progress
The progress made by the PEMP so far has been significant. The program has collected and analyzed data from thousands of patients, which has helped identify areas for improvement and develop targeted interventions. These interventions include training and education programs for healthcare providers, hospital infrastructure and facilities improvements, and the implementation of patient-centered care models. (Alasiri & Mohammed, 2022)
Recent Study
A study by Alshammari et al. (2021) aim is to identify the application of smartphone devices as a strategy to enhance patient safety in healthcare centers within Saudi Arabia. The study systematically reviewed the literature published between 2010 and 2020 using various databases and search terms related to the topic (Alshammari et al., 2021).
The study found that smartphone devices have been used to enhance patient safety in Saudi Arabia, such as communication, education, decision support, documentation, medication management, infection control, and patient engagement.
The study identified some barriers and facilitators to smartphone use in healthcare settings, such as technical issues, organizational factors, user acceptance, legal and ethical aspects, and cultural influences. The study concluded that smartphone devices could potentially enhance patient safety in health care within Saudi Arabia. Still, more research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness and impact on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. The study also recommended strategies to overcome the challenges and optimize the benefits of smartphone devices in health care, such as developing policies and guidelines, providing training and support, ensuring data security and privacy, and involving stakeholders and
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patients. (Alshammari et al., 2021)
Methods and Measurements
The study used a systematic review strategy to evaluate the application of smartphone devices to improve patient safety in health care within Saudi Arabia. The study searched various databases, such as PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, using keywords related to the topic, such as “patient safety,” “smartphone,” “mobile device,” and “Saudi Arabia.” (Alshammari et al., 2021)
The study used an inclusion and exclusion strategy to identify relevant articles published between 2010 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were articles written in English or Arabic; articles that focused on smartphone devices and applications used by health care professionals or patients; articles that reported on patient safety outcomes or indicators; and articles that were conducted in Saudi Arabia or had implications for the Saudi context. The exclusion criteria were articles that were not peer-reviewed; articles that focused on other types of mobile devices or applications; articles that did not report on patient safety outcomes or indicators; and articles that were conducted in other countries or had no implications for the Saudi context. The study used a thematic analysis approach to synthesize the findings of the selected articles. (Alshammari et al., 2021).
References
Alasiri, A. A., & Mohammed, V. (2022). Healthcare Transformation in Saudi Arabia: An Overview Since the Launch of Vision 2030. Health Services Insights, 15, 11786329221121214.
Alshammari, M. H., Almutairi, A. F., Alotaibi, A. M., & Alshammari, S. A. (2021). The application of smartphone devices as a strategy to enhance patient safety in health care centers within Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 8(6), 1-10.
Alharbi, M. F., Alqahtani, A. M., Almutairi, M. A., Alshammari, F. S., Alshammari, T. M., & Alzahrani, S. H. (2021). Factors influencing patient satisfaction with primary healthcare services in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(5), 1974-1980. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_423_20
this was qoustion :
The Patient Experience Measurement Program is one of the national transformation initiatives in Saudi Arabia.
Discuss the history, aims, and progress thus far of the Patient Experience Measurement Program.
Locate a recent patient experience study in Saudi Arabia from the Saudi Digital Library and summarize the study.
Report on the methods and measurements utilized in the study design related to the content of this module.