Category: Public Health

Unique Aspects of Health Services & Financial Management
There are a number of unique factors relating to the health services sector:
Compare the two types of accounting functions.
Describe how the accounting functions affect operational oversight.
How do these unique features affect the financial management of the sector?
Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories (which require supporting citations) in your initial response along with at least one scholarly, peer-reviewed journal article. Keep in mind that these scholarly references can be found in the Saudi Digital Library by conducting an advanced search specific to scholarly references. Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines.

To successfully complete this assignment, first read the following exercises from the Laboratory Manual: Exercise 23: Anatomy of the Visual System and Exercise 25: Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium.
Student Discussion Assignment
Briefly describe and identify the external and internal components of the eye found in your textbook using figures 23.1 and 23.3, respectively.
Briefly describe and identify the microscopic anatomy of the cellular layers of the retina.
Briefly describe the components of the semicircular canals and the vestibule, and their roles in static and dynamic equilibrium.
Write your responses in a minimum of 250 words in APA format.

Questions
(Each question has 2 marks) Go through the article entitled, “Addiction and Drugs” published on the website of MOH, Saudi Arabia.
Link to the article: https://rb.gy/ah6fq6
On the light of this statement, discuss the following:
1. What types of drugs are being abused in KSA? Classify and highlight the most popular drugs.
2. Mention different reasons for substance abuse in KSA. Classify them suitably.
3. What are the different complications of addiction?
4. How to identify an addict in the family?
5. How can we prevent addiction?

Saudi Arabia has recently witnessed enormous economic growth accompanied by undesirable lifestyle behaviors, along with an associated increase in non-communicable diseases (NCD’s). This systematic review presents a comprehensive and an updated overview of the status of physical activity (PA) or inactivity among the Saudi population and examines the major barriers and correlates of PA. Please discuss the physical activity in KSA and the role of the government in improving physical activities with facilities and barriers

This module encompasses information on organizational, community, and public policy/society-level interventions.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing public policy-level intervention to promote healthy behaviors.
What are some ethical dilemmas that can come from implementing public policy-level strategies?
HOW TO ANSWER
Advantages of public policy-level interventions to promote healthy behaviors:
Can reach a large number of people. Public policy interventions can be implemented at the national, state, or local level, affecting large populations. This can be particularly effective for promoting healthy behaviors that are influenced by environmental factors, such as access to healthy food or safe places to exercise.
Can create a supportive environment for healthy choices. Public policy can be used to create an environment that makes it easier for people to make healthy choices. For example, policies that restrict marketing of unhealthy foods to children, tax sugary drinks, or require restaurants to post calorie counts can help people make healthier choices without having to think about it.
Can be cost-effective. Public policy interventions can be a cost-effective way to promote healthy behaviors. For example, one study found that a school-based intervention to promote physical activity cost $19 per student per year and resulted in a significant increase in physical activity levels.
Can address social determinants of health. Public policy interventions can be used to address the social determinants of health, which are the social factors that influence health, such as income, education, and housing. These factors can have a significant impact on people’s ability to make healthy choices. For example, policies that increase access to affordable housing, healthy food, or quality education can help people make healthier choices.
Can be sustainable. Public policy interventions can be more sustainable than individual-level interventions, such as health education or counseling. This is because they are embedded in the environment and do not rely on individuals to change their behavior.
Disadvantages of public policy-level interventions to promote healthy behaviors:
Can be difficult to implement. Public policy interventions can be difficult to implement due to political opposition, lack of funding, or administrative challenges.
Can be perceived as intrusive or coercive. Some people may perceive public policy interventions as intrusive or coercive. For example, some people may object to policies that restrict advertising of unhealthy foods to children or require restaurants to post calorie counts.
Can have unintended consequences. Public policy interventions can have unintended consequences that may outweigh the benefits. For example, a policy that taxes sugary drinks may lead people to switch to other unhealthy beverages, such as unsweetened fruit juice.
Can be difficult to evaluate. It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of public policy interventions. This is because it is often challenging to isolate the effects of the intervention from other factors that may be affecting health outcomes.
Ethical dilemmas from public policy-level interventions to promote healthy behaviors:
Balancing individual rights with public health goals. Public policy interventions to promote healthy behaviors can sometimes conflict with individual rights, such as the right to choose what to eat or drink. For example, a policy that bans smoking in public places restricts the freedom of individuals to smoke.
Ensuring fairness and equity. Public policy interventions should be designed to ensure that they are fair and equitable. This means that they should not disproportionately burden certain groups of people, such as low-income communities or people of color.
Protecting privacy and confidentiality. Public policy interventions that collect data on individuals’ health behaviors or food choices should be designed to protect privacy and confidentiality. This means that the data should be collected, stored, and used in a way that respects individuals’ right to privacy.
Transparency and accountability. Public policy interventions should be transparent and accountable. This means that the public should be able to understand how the interventions are designed, implemented, and evaluated.
Public policy-level interventions can be a powerful tool for promoting healthy behaviors. However, it is important to be aware of the potential advantages, disadvantages, and ethical dilemmas associated with these interventions. By carefully considering these issues, policymakers can develop interventions that are effective, fair, and ethical.

Health insurance fraud is a problem globally, and Saudi Arabia is not immune. Assume you have been tasked with presenting this problem to your healthcare organization so employees can act appropriately when processing health insurance claims. Be sure to address:
Actions that would be considered fraudulent;
Key indicators that fraud is present;
The impact of fraud on the medical community, health insurance companies, and Saudi Arabia; and
How to report health insurance fraud and penalties for those that participate in such behavior.
Your presentation should meet the following structural requirements:
Be organized, using professional themes and transitions.
Consist of seven slides, plus the title and reference slides.
Each slide must provide detailed speaker’s notes—a minimum of 100 words. Notes must draw from and cite relevant reference materials.
Provide support for your statements on the presentation slides, as well as in the speaker’s notes, with in-text citations from a minimum of four scholarly articles. Two of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but the others must be external. The Saudi Digital Library is a good place to find these references.
Follow APA and Saudi Electronic University writing standards.
You are strongly encouraged to submit all assignments to the Turnitin Originality Check prior to submitting them to your instructor for grading. If you are unsure how to submit an assignment to the Originality Check tool, review the Turnitin Originality Check Student Guide.

Leasing Decisions
Businesses generally own fixed (capital) assets. However, it the ability to use buildings and equipment that is important to the business, not their ownership. One way to obtain the use of capital assets is to lease them.
Address the following requirements:
What are the different types of leases?
How can a lease be better than buying the item with capital?
What factors do you consider when evaluating a lease?
Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories (which require supporting citations) in your initial response along with at least one scholarly, peer-reviewed journal article. Keep in mind that these scholarly references can be found in the Saudi Digital Library by conducting an advanced search specific to scholarly references. Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines.

HCM515
Module 11: Discussion
Assume you are an attorney in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia representing a variety of private healthcare providers. One of your clients is a private physician that found out one of his Diabetic patients is not following the treatment plan that was provided by the physician. In fact, the patient is not taking their insulin and is on a diet of extremely sugary foods. The physician wants to end care to the patient for fear that the patient is going to harm themselves and later sue the physician. Detail the advice you would provide your client on how to deal with this situation.
Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories (which require supporting citations) in your initial response along with at least one scholarly, peer-reviewed journal article. Keep in mind that these scholarly references can be found in the Saudi Digital Library by conducting an advanced search specific to scholarly references. Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines.

With this database, you will:
Identify and list categorical and continuous variables.
Calculate frequencies and percentages for all of the categorical variables, and means, and standard deviations for the continuous variables.
Run a one-sample z test of proportions for one categorical variable. Here is an example in terms of wording: “Is the proportion of English speaking patients greater than 50%?” Using .05 level of significant test the appropriate hypotheses.
Write the null and alternate hypotheses
What is the proportion of English speaking patients
What is the standard error and z statistics
Find critical z and p value. Is the p value significant? Conclusion?
Run an independent samples t-test to compare two groups of people (specified by a dichotomous variable) on one continuous variable. Using .05 level of significant test the appropriate hypotheses. In order to run this test statistics you have to re-arrange your data.
Write the null and alternate hypotheses.
What is the calculated mean for each group?
What is the confidence interval for each group?
What is the critical t value?
Is the p value significant? Conclusion?

Identify a public health measure that has been implemented in Saudi Arabia.
Describe its origin and the philosophy behind this measure.
Detail how it has affected citizens.
In your opinion, has the measure been effective?
Why or why not? How could it be improved?
Add introduction and a conclusion paragraph
Add headings to organize
Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories, which require supporting citations along with at least 2 scholarly, peer-reviewed references in supporting your answer. These scholarly references can be found in the Saudi Digital Library by conducting an advanced search. Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines.