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As we have journeyed throughout the semester we have focused our studies on identifying major themes and different teachings of the religions of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. We have either directly or indirectly focused on developing a deeper understanding of each religions’ theology, sacred scriptures, code of ethics, prayer and worship rituals, and a brief history of the religion. For the most part, we have looked at each of these religions independently, but now as we begin to wrap up our course we will revisit these religions and begin to examine them critically and ask the intriguing question:
What similarities (and differences) do these religions share amongst each other regarding their teachings of a specific topic?
For your final written report, you will select a theme, from the list below, and recapitulate each religion’s teaching on that particular theme. You will then complete a comparative analysis on the significant similarities that each religion has with Catholicism specifically – not just Christianity in light of the topic as well as delineate their distinct differences. Once you have completed the comparative analysis, you will reflect on the following question:
How can (or how has) the knowledge gleaned in this report and in this course change(d) your perspective/outlook on dialogue with people of other faiths? ‘

You can share a personal experience that you have had with someone of a different faith background or how you think having a better understanding of these different teachings will help shape your future interactions with people of different faiths.

Instructions:
Select the theme, from the list below, that you plan on focusing on for the final report
Identify at least 6 different sources (other than the course text) that you plan on utilizing within your final written report.
You will need to identify at least 1 different source for each of the 5 religions
For each of the sources, provide the following:

Name of the Source
Website URL to the source
Which religion the source pertains to

Ex: Christianity, Hinduism

If it pertains to more than one you may list them all.

List of Selected Themes:
Religion’s Understanding of God

The Divine
Metaphysical and Supernatural Beings

Soteriology

How is salvation achieved?

Eschatology – End Times

Death and the Afterlife
Final Judgement

Creation

Of the Universe
Humanity

Pain and Suffering
Freedom and Free Will
Virtues
Sin and Forgiveness
Treatment of Women or the Marginalized in Society
Prayer and Worship Practices
Celebrations of Life Events

Birth
Adulthood
Marriage
Funerals

Initiations into the Religion
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 150 words. Incorporate 6 different sources, formatted and cited as the instructor indicated in the announcements. When you working on the report, please remember that this report and all reports for this class must be composed in Chicago-Turabian (CMOS) style. Turabian Style is just a concise version of Chicago Style (CMOS). That’s why we call it Chicago-Turabian style.

Case Study: Jimmy, ten years old, was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after a fall from the second-story townhome were sustained a fractured left femur and mild head injury. Currently, Jimmy is two days post open reduction internal fixation of the left femur. Orders were updated to transfer Jimmy out of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) after being cleared by the neurologist. He has a long leg cast, indwelling foley catheter and will require neuro checks every two hours.
What are two priority nursing diagnoses for this child?
What are the priority nursing interventions for this patient after being transferred from the ICU?
What are the risks of foley catheter placement?
Does the patient still require an indwelling foley catheter? Provide a rationale to support your answer.

ANSWER
Priority Nursing Diagnoses

Risk for Impaired Physical Mobility
Jimmy’s fractured left femur and long leg cast significantly restrict his mobility. This immobility can lead to muscle atrophy, decreased strength, and potential complications such as pneumonia and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Risk for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Jimmy’s indwelling Foley catheter increases his risk of developing a UTI. Catheters provide a pathway for bacteria to enter the bladder, and prolonged catheter use increases the risk of infection.

Priority Nursing Interventions

Promoting Physical Mobility
Despite his leg injury, Jimmy’s physical mobility should be encouraged within safe limits. Assist Jimmy with range-of-motion exercises and bed mobility as tolerated. Encourage him to participate in activities that don’t strain his injured leg, such as upper body exercises or using a wheelchair for short distances.

Maintaining Urinary Tract Catheter Care
Proper catheter care is essential to prevent UTIs. Ensure the catheter is secured properly to prevent displacement. Maintain a closed drainage system. Clean the catheter insertion site daily with sterile saline solution. Encourage adequate fluid intake to promote urine flow and prevent catheter blockage.

Monitoring Neurologic Status
Jimmy’s recent head injury warrants ongoing neurologic monitoring. Assess his level of consciousness, orientation, and pupillary response every two hours or as ordered. Monitor for signs of increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, vomiting, and nuchal rigidity.

Pain Management
Jimmy’s fractured femur and head injury may cause significant pain. Administer pain medication as prescribed and assess his pain level regularly. Encourage non-pharmacological pain management techniques such as relaxation exercises and distraction.

Preventing Complications
Implement preventive measures to reduce the risk of complications such as pneumonia and DVT. Encourage Jimmy to deep breathe and cough regularly to promote lung clearance. Elevate his lower extremities to reduce swelling and prevent DVT.

Risks of Foley Catheter Placement

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
UTIs are the most common complication associated with indwelling Foley catheters. Bacteria can easily travel up the catheter and into the bladder, causing infection.

Catheter-Related Bladder Spasm (CRBS)
CRBS is a painful bladder spasm caused by irritation from the catheter. Symptoms include frequent urination, urgency, and pain.

Catheter Encrustation
Catheter encrustation occurs when mineral deposits build up on the catheter, increasing the risk of infection and blockages.

Urethral Injury
Catheter insertion and removal can cause urethral irritation, bleeding, and even perforation.

Does the Patient Still Require an Indwelling Foley Catheter?

The decision to continue using an indwelling Foley catheter should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering individual patient factors and clinical status. In Jimmy’s case, the indwelling catheter may still be necessary for accurate urine output monitoring, particularly in the initial post-operative period. However, as his condition stabilizes and he regains bladder control, the catheter should be discontinued to minimize the risk of complications.

Once Jimmy is able to void spontaneously and has demonstrated bladder control, the Foley catheter should be removed. This will reduce the risk of UTIs, catheter-related complications, and promote urinary tract health.

J.C is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by a GI specialist due to abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, and occasional nausea.
Past Medical History (PMH):
Patient is Diabetic, controlled with Metformin 500 mg by mouth twice a day, Lantus 15 units SC bedtime. Hypertensive, controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Atrial Fibrillation is controlled with Rivaroxaban 15 mg by mouth once a day and bisoprolol 10 mg by mouth once a day.
Labs:
Hb 12.7 g/dl; Hct 38.8% WBC 8.2; Glycemia 74mg/dl; Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl; BUN 9.8 mg/dl; AST 21 U/L ALT 17 U/L; Bil T 1.90 mg/dl; Ind 0.69 mg/dl; Dir 1.21 mg/dl.
Diagnostic test:
Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas. Solid mass in the head of pancreas 4 cms, infiltrating Wirsung duct. The solid mass impress to infiltrate the superior mesenteric vein. Perilesional node is detected, 1.5 cms, metastatic aspect. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Case Study Questions:
Please name the potential most common sites for metastasis on J.C and why?
What are tumor cell markers and why tumor cell markers are ordered for a patient with pancreatic cancer?
Based on the case study described, proceed to classify the tumor based on the TNM Stage classification. Why is this classification important?
Discuss characteristics of malignant tumors regarding their cells, growth, and ability to spread.
Describe the carcinogenesis phase when a tumor metastasizes.
Choose the tissue level that is affected in the patient discussed above: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, or Neural. Support your answer.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in the current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources other than your textbook.

Hi everyone,
Week 3 Discussion Nutrients
Let’s start this week’s discussion with the definition and comparison of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis. Which is (are) likely to be occurring (1) shortly after a carbohydrate-rich meal and (2) just before waking up in the morning?
The process of producing and keeping glucose in the form of glycogen is known as glycogenesis. It happens when blood sugar levels are high, usually following a meal high in carbohydrates. When energy is required, glycogen is easily converted back to glucose and is mostly stored in the liver and skeletal muscles.
Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules. When blood glucose levels fall and energy needs rise, it is stimulated. In order to maintain blood glucose levels and supply the body with fuel, glycogenolysis largely takes place in the liver and skeletal muscles (Chung et al, 2015).
The process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, is known as glucoseneogenesis. The liver and kidneys experience it the most, respectively. In order to keep blood glucose levels stable, gluconeogenesis is triggered during periods of fasting, intense activity, or limited carbohydrate availability.
Lipogenesis is the process of producing fatty acids and triglycerides from extra glucose or other foods. It usually occurs in adipose tissue and the liver. When there are too many calories or carbs, lipogenesis is triggered, which causes the body to store fat as a form of energy.
Occurrence shortly after consuming a carboydrate-rich meal and just before waking up in the morning.
Blood glucose levels rise after eating a meal high in carbohydrates. Glycogenesis is expected to take place in reaction to the high blood sugar, with more glucose being processed and stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver for future energy requirements.
Immediately before awakening in the morning: Blood glucose levels fall during the overnight fast as the body uses glycogen reserves for energy. Glycogen reserves may be depleted in the early morning, causing a drop in blood glucose levels. Glycogenolysis would be triggered to convert stored glycogen into glucose for energy in order to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Additionally, to maintain blood glucose levels, gluconeogenesis may produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
It’s very important to remember that lipogenesis is less likely to happen just after a meal high in carbohydrates or right before waking up in the morning because it’s usually linked to excessive calorie intake and a high level of energy rather than particular meal or fasting times.
References:
Chung, S. T., Chacko, S., Sunehag, A. L., & Haymond, M. W. (2015). Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review. Diabetes, 64(12), 3996–4010. https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-0640
Saladin, K. S. (2020). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/books/9781260791563Links to an external site.Links to an external site.